{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T10:17:00Z","timestamp":1793873820201,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]],"date-time":"2008-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228089600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980008002723_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among pregnant women in rural Bangladesh, and examine the relationship between various factors and vitamin A status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980008002723_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Community Nutrition Promoter (CNP) centres in Kapasia sub-district of Gazipur district, Bangladesh.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980008002723_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980008002723_abs4\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Subjects and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred women, aged 18\u201339 years, in their second or third trimester of pregnancy were selected from seventeen CNP centres in four unions of Kapasia sub-district where they usually visit for antenatal care. Various socio-economic, personal and pregnancy-related information, dietary intake of vitamin A and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) data were collected. Serum retinol (vitamin A) concentration was determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980008002723_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>More than half (51 %) of the pregnant women had low vitamin A status (serum retinol &lt;1\u00b705 \u03bcmol\/l) with 18\u00b75 % having VAD (serum retinol &lt;0\u00b770 \u03bcmol\/l). Fifty-three per cent of the women\u2019s vitamin A intake was less than the recommended dietary allowance. By multiple regression analysis, MUAC, per-capita expenditure on food and wealth index were found to have significant independent positive relationship with serum retinol concentration, while gestational age of the pregnant women had a negative relationship. The overall <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>-ratio (10\u00b73) was highly significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b70001), the adjusted <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> was 0\u00b718 (multiple <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b745).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980008002723_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>VAD is highly prevalent among rural pregnant women in Bangladesh. Gestational age, nutritional status, per-capita expenditure on food and wealth index appear to be important in influencing the vitamin A status of these women. An appropriate intervention is warranted in order to improve the vitamin A status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980008002723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,12]],"date-time":"2008-06-12T10:00:53Z","timestamp":1213264853000},"page":"1326-1331","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Extent of vitamin A deficiency among rural pregnant women in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faruk","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoko","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahmeed","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AM Shamsir","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cadi","family":"Parvin Banu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasima","family":"Akhter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980008002723_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724936.1996.11747844"},{"key":"S1368980008002723_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90480-4"},{"key":"S1368980008002723_ref21","volume-title":"Report of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2000","year":"2003"},{"key":"S1368980008002723_ref16","volume-title":"24-VASQ Method for Estimating VA Intake","author":"De Pee","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1368980008002723_ref14","volume-title":"The DHS Wealth Index. 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World Health Organization (2003) Micronutrient deficiencies: combating vitamin A deficiency. http:\/\/www.who.int\/nut\/vad.htm (accessed October 2005)."},{"key":"S1368980008002723_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7183.570"},{"key":"S1368980008002723_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92246-P"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980008002723","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T20:07:46Z","timestamp":1554322066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980008002723\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980008002723"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980008002723","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}}}