{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T03:58:00Z","timestamp":1783483080987,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251763200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980008004497_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the iodine nutritional status of children living on the island of Tanna, Republic of Vanuatu.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980008004497_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional study. Urine and household salt samples were collected for iodine measurement. Thyroid volumes were measured by ultrasound. A food consumption frequency survey was carried out, particularly in relation to salt, iodine-rich foods and foods that containing thiocyanate, a potentially goitrogenic substance. Urinary thiocyanate levels were also measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980008004497_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Island rural communities in Tanna, Vanuatu.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980008004497_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and fifty-three schoolchildren between 8 and 10 years of age from four locations on the island participated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980008004497_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median urinary iodine excretion (UIE) among the children was 49mg\/l, indicating moderate iodine deficiency. This was corroborated by 27% of boys and 33% of girls having thyroid glands greater than the international standard for their age, and 36% of boys and 45% of girls having thyroid glands greater than the international standard for their body surface area based on ultrasonography. There was a highly statistically significant inverse correlation between thyroid volume and UIE for boys and girls (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>= \u22120\u00b7444,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0\u00b7001 and<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>= \u22120\u00b7319,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0\u00b7005, respectively). There was no correlation between thiocyanate and UIE or thyroid volume. Only 34% of children reported to consume fish (tinned or fresh) on a weekly basis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980008004497_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Against the common perception, the study has demonstrated that the children on the island of Tanna were in a state of moderate iodine deficiency. More data need to be collected from other Pacific Island countries in order to provide evidence for formulating public policy in prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders in these nations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980008004497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,20]],"date-time":"2009-01-20T09:42:19Z","timestamp":1232444539000},"page":"1512-1518","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Iodine nutritional status of children on the island of Tanna, Republic of Vanuatu"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"McKelleher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theto","family":"Moses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Mark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Byth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Creswell J","family":"Eastman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980008004497_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.2.231"},{"key":"S1368980008004497_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/42.2.239","article-title":"Ammonium persulphate: a safe alternative oxidising reagent for measuring urinary iodine","volume":"42","author":"Pino","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"S1368980008004497_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02784606"},{"key":"S1368980008004497_ref22","volume-title":"Pacific Foods: The Staples We Eat","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1368980008004497_ref5","unstructured":"5. Secretariat of the Pacific Community (2005) Iodine, fact sheet 22. http:\/\/www.spc.int\/Lifestyle\/Resources\/No%2022%20iodine.pdf (accessed February 2007)."},{"key":"S1368980008004497_ref14","unstructured":"14. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2003) Nutrition country profiles: Vanuatu. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/ag\/agn\/nutrition\/van-e.stm (accessed May 2006)."},{"key":"S1368980008004497_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/45.9.1459","article-title":"Simple method for determination of thiocyanate in urine","volume":"45","author":"Haque","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"S1368980008004497_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/46.4.529","article-title":"Simple microplate method for determination of urinary iodine","volume":"46","author":"Ohashi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"S1368980008004497_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdh199"},{"key":"S1368980008004497_ref21","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Role of Cassava in the Aetiology of Endemic Goitre and Cretinism","author":"Ermans","year":"1980"},{"key":"S1368980008004497_ref12","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Endemic Goitre. 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