{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:29:29Z","timestamp":1781760569335,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,11]],"date-time":"2009-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1244678400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980009990279_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the association between vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> (B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>)-containing supplement use, low B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> concentrations and biochemically defined B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency in US adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980009990279_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study with adjustment for survey design. Prevalence ratios for two age groups (18\u201350 and &gt;50 years) were estimated using unconditional logistic models. Outcome measures included prevalence of low serum B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> concentration (&lt;148 pmol\/l) and biochemical B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency (serum B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> &lt; 148 pmol\/l with concomitant homocysteine &gt; 10 \u03bcmol\/l).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980009990279_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>A population survey of health and nutritional measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980009990279_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects were non-institutionalized adults, aged 18 years and older, who participated in Phase 2 of NHANES III (Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980009990279_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> concentrations were less prevalent among persons consuming B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>-containing supplements (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b7001) with an adjusted prevalence ratio of 0\u00b76 (95 % CI 0\u00b73, 1\u00b70). Biochemical B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency showed a similar trend (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b70002), with an adjusted prevalence ratio of 0\u00b73 (95 % CI 0\u00b71, 0\u00b78). Prevalence ratios were similar in adults &gt;50 years of age, although the prevalence of low B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> and biochemical deficiency was proportionally higher.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980009990279_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consumption of B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>-containing supplements was associated with at least 50 % lower prevalence of both low serum B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> and biochemical B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency in a nationally representative sample of US adults, suggesting increased consumption of B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> from supplements or from fortified foods may reduce the prevalence of B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency. Additionally, the current Recommended Daily Allowance for B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> of 2\u00b74 \u03bcg may be insufficient for those aged &gt;50 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980009990279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,11]],"date-time":"2009-06-11T12:52:07Z","timestamp":1244724727000},"page":"25-31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Association between vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub>-containing supplement consumption and prevalence of biochemically defined B<sub>12<\/sub> deficiency in adults in NHANES III (Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Marian L","family":"Evatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D","family":"Terry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Godfrey P","family":"Oakley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980009990279_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.1.265"},{"key":"S1368980009990279_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199704010-00008"},{"key":"S1368980009990279_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(99)00180-6"},{"key":"S1368980009990279_ref36","first-page":"524","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among geriatric outpatients","volume":"35","author":"Yao","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"S1368980009990279_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb03641.x"},{"key":"S1368980009990279_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90642-F"},{"key":"S1368980009990279_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.2.348"},{"key":"S1368980009990279_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.10.1167"},{"key":"S1368980009990279_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-05-1812"},{"key":"S1368980009990279_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.153"},{"key":"S1368980009990279_ref20","unstructured":"20. 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