{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T20:10:49Z","timestamp":1769199049304,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,29]],"date-time":"2010-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277769600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980010000571_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize the relationship between serum carotenoids, retinol and anaemia among pre-school children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980010000571_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in two groups: anaemic and non-anaemic. Serum levels of retinol, \u03b1-carotene, \u03b2-carotene, \u03b2-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin were measured in the study subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980010000571_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six rural communes of Dinh Hoa, a rural and mountainous district in Thai Nguyen Province, in the northern mountainous region of Vietnam.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980010000571_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 682 pre-school children, aged 12\u201372 months, were recruited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980010000571_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Geometric mean serum concentrations of carotenoids (\u03bcmol\/l) were 0\u00b7056 for \u03b1-carotene, 0\u00b7161 for \u03b2-carotene, 0\u00b7145 for \u03b2-cryptoxanthin, 0\u00b7078 for lycopene, 0\u00b7388 for lutein and 0\u00b7075 for zeaxanthin. The mean levels of Hb and serum retinol were 108\u00b78 g\/l and 1\u00b702 \u03bcmol\/l, respectively. The prevalence of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency was 53\u00b77 % and 7\u00b78 %, respectively. After adjusting for sex and stunting, serum retinol concentrations (\u03bcmol\/l; OR = 2\u00b706, 95 % CI 1\u00b710, 3\u00b786,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0\u00b7024) and total provitamin A carotenoids (\u03bcmol\/l; OR = 1\u00b752, 95 % CI 1\u00b701, 2\u00b728,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0\u00b7046) were independently associated with anaemia, but non-provitamin A carotenoids (\u03bcmol\/l; OR = 0\u00b793, 95 % CI 0\u00b763, 1\u00b737,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0\u00b7710) were not associated with anaemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980010000571_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among pre-school children in the northern mountainous region of Vietnam, the prevalences of vitamin A deficiency and anaemia are high, and serum retinol and provitamin A carotenoids are independently associated with anaemia. Further studies are needed to determine if increased consumption of provitamin A carotenoids will reduce anaemia among pre-school children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980010000571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,29]],"date-time":"2010-06-29T12:59:23Z","timestamp":1277816363000},"page":"1863-1869","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Relationship of serum carotenoids and retinol with anaemia among pre-school children in the northern mountainous region of Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nguyen Cong","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phan","family":"Van Huan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nguyen","family":"Van Nhien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Le Danh","family":"Tuyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saskia","family":"de Pee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard D","family":"Semba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980010000571_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.1.85"},{"key":"S1368980010000571_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/342297"},{"key":"S1368980010000571_ref24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Current status of soil-transmitted helminths in Vietnam","volume":"34","author":"van der Hoek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"S1368980010000571_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482650202300202"},{"key":"S1368980010000571_ref19","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Report of the National Anemia and Nutrition Risk Factor Survey, Vietnam 1995. 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