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Studies were included if they reported relative risk for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) associated with sunbed use, vitamin D and UV effects on human health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980011002801_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from different time periods for populations at different latitudes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980011002801_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Persons of different ages and ethnic groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980011002801_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>UV from sun and sunbeds is the main vitamin D source. Young people with white or pigmented skin in northern Europe have a low vitamin D status. A number of health benefits from sufficient levels of vitamin D have been identified. However, UV exposure has been suspected of causing skin cancer, notably CMM, and authorities warn against it.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980011002801_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall health benefit of an improved vitamin D status may be more important than the possibly increased CMM risk resulting from carefully increasing UV exposure. 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