{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:09:19Z","timestamp":1791202159743,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,30]],"date-time":"2012-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333065600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980012000729_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To document the double burden of malnutrition and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) in adults and its occurrence according to different sociodemographic parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980012000729_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Population-based cross-sectional observational study. We first randomly selected 330 households stratified by tertile of the income levels proxy as low, middle and high income.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980012000729_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Northern district of Ouagadougou, the capital city of Burkina Faso.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980012000729_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>In each income stratum, 110 individuals aged 25\u201360 years and who had lived permanently in Ouagadougou for at least 6 months were randomly selected, followed with collection of anthropometric, socio-economic and clinical data, and blood samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980012000729_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall obesity\/overweight prevalence was 24\u00b72 % and it was twice as high in women as in men (34\u00b71 %<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. 15\u00b75 %,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0\u00b7001). Hypertension, hyperglycaemia and low HDL cholesterol prevalence was 21\u00b79 %, 22\u00b73 % and 30\u00b70 %, respectively, without gender difference. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 10\u00b73 %. Iron depletion and vitamin A deficiency affected 15\u00b77 % and 25\u00b77 % of participants, respectively, with higher rates in women. Coexistence of at least one nutritional deficiency and one CMRF was observed in 23\u00b75 % of participants, and this \u2018double burden\u2019 was significantly higher in women than in men (30\u00b74 %<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. 16\u00b71 %,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0\u00b7008) and in the low income group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980012000729_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CMRF are becoming a leading nutritional problem in adults of Ouagadougou, while nutritional deficiencies persist. The double nutritional burden exacerbates health inequities and calls for action addressing both malnutrition and nutrition-related chronic diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980012000729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,30]],"date-time":"2012-03-30T12:53:47Z","timestamp":1333112027000},"page":"2210-2219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["The double burden of malnutrition and cardiometabolic risk widens the gender and socio-economic health gap: a study among adults in Burkina Faso (West Africa)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Augustin N","family":"Zeba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne F","family":"Delisle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genevieve","family":"Renier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boubacar","family":"Savadogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Banza","family":"Baya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980012000729_ref29","volume-title":"Screening for Type 2 Diabetes. 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