{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T13:57:14Z","timestamp":1782050234718,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,17]],"date-time":"2012-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1350432000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S136898001200451X_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mali is one of the poorest countries in Africa, with 72 % of its population surviving on less than $US 1\u00b700 per day. Health and demographic indicators are bleak. With few exceptions, studies related to the health of women in Mali have largely been under-represented. In addition, in recent years a new type of malnutrition stemming from weight gain and obesity has been observed throughout Africa. The present study aimed to (i) describe geographic and health variations of women of reproductive age, (ii) describe geographic variations of household salt iodine levels and (iii) investigate potential factors associated with women's anthropometric status and use of adequately iodized salt among households in Mali.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S136898001200451X_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Demographic and Health Survey data, multistage-stratified cluster sampling methodology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S136898001200451X_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rural and urban areas of Mali.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S136898001200451X_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non-pregnant women (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>6015) between the ages of 19 and 44 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S136898001200451X_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nineteen per cent of the women were overweight or obese while 11 % were underweight. Seventy-eight per cent of the households utilized adequately iodized salt. Underweight women were more prevalent in southern Mali, while obesity was more frequent in the north-east and within the major urban areas. Households located within the southern parts of Mali were more likely to utilize adequately iodized salt. Education, age, modern contraceptive use, breast-feeding status at time of the survey and household wealth index were significantly associated with the women's BMI or households\u2019 use of adequately iodized salt.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S136898001200451X_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The combined use of statistical and geographic system analysis contributes to improve targeting of interventions among vulnerable populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s136898001200451x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,17]],"date-time":"2012-10-17T09:21:14Z","timestamp":1350465674000},"page":"1575-1585","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Geographic distribution and socio-economic determinants of women's nutritional status in Mali households"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Constance A","family":"Gewa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy F","family":"Leslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa R","family":"Pawloski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.17.1.19"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.1310030505"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018706131168"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref21","unstructured":"MEASURE DHS\/ICF International (2009) Demographic and Health Surveys Methodology. Training Field Staff for DHS Surveys. http:\/\/measuredhs.com\/pubs\/pdf\/DHSM3\/Training_Field_Staff_for_DHS_Surveys_Oct2009.pdf (accessed August 2012)."},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(03)00322-8"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref6","volume-title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, Reported Practices and Anthropometric Indicators of Children's Nutritional Status. Impact Assessment of the Nutrition Communication Project as Implemented by the Ministry of Health, Solidarity and the Elderly, Africare, Save the Children, and World Vision in Dioro, Kolondieba and Koutiala","author":"Fishman","year":"1996"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2008) WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition. Mali. http:\/\/www.who.int\/nutgrowthdb\/database\/countries\/who_standards\/mli.pdf (accessed July 2011)."},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref22","unstructured":"MEASURE DHS\/ICF International (2012) Demographic and Health Surveys Methodology. Biomarker Field Manual. http:\/\/www.measuredhs.com\/pubs\/pdf\/DHSM7\/DHS6_Biomarker_Manual_9Jan2012.pdf (accessed August 2012)."},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/39.2.86"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(96)00266-7"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref1","volume-title":"DHS\u2013Enqu\u00eate D\u00e9mographique et de Sant\u00e9 du Mali 2006, Final Report","author":"Samak\u00e9","year":"2006"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.10137"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.906081"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref19","volume-title":"Global Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency in Populations at Risk: 1995\u20132005. WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency","year":"2009"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330880306"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.78.5.909","article-title":"Lactational capacity of marginally nourished mothers: relationships between maternal nutritional status and quantity and proximate composition of milk","volume":"78","author":"Brown","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2011.00322.x"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7717.2011.01238.x"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S136898000999187X"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-158"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref16","first-page":"12","article-title":"Body size perception of African women (25\u201344 years) in Manguang","volume":"37","author":"Venter","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Fam Ecol Consum Sci"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980008002401"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482650802900305"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26811C"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref23","unstructured":"Rustein SO & Johnson K (2004) The DHS Wealth Index, DHS Comparative Reports No. 6. http:\/\/www.measuredhs.com\/pubs\/pdf\/CR6\/CR6.pdf (accessed December 2010)."},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3773673"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01615659"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref25","first-page":"637","article-title":"Determinants of child nutrition and mortality in north-west Uganda","volume":"70","author":"Vella","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.2.381S"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/52.4.616"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref29","first-page":"191","article-title":"Nuptialite et maintien de la polygamie en milieu urbain au Mali","volume":"26","author":"Marcoux","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cah Que Demogr"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref31","volume-title":"Nutrition Throughout the Lifecycle","author":"Worthington-Roberts","year":"1996"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref32","first-page":"3","article-title":"A refinement of inverse distance weighted interpolation","volume":"2","author":"Watson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Geo-Processing"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10106040801966704"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2007.00462.x"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.58.266"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2061697"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref38","unstructured":"Global Micronutrient Project (not dated) Iodine Situation in Mali. New Orleans, LA: Tulane University; available at http:\/\/www.tulane.edu\/~internut\/Countries\/Mali\/maliiodine.html"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref39","volume-title":"Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa","author":"Jamison","year":"2006"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.071522"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref41","first-page":"20","article-title":"Examination of urinary iodine status from a sample of Malian adolescent girls","volume":"3","author":"Pawloski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Afr J Food Agric Nutr Dev"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16070658.2005.11734033"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20716"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref43","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc: A Report of the Panel on Micronutrients, Subcommittees on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients and of Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes, and the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes","year":"2001"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref26","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements","author":"Otten","year":"2006"},{"key":"S136898001200451X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20980"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S136898001200451X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]],"date-time":"2022-01-30T09:06:40Z","timestamp":1643533600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S136898001200451X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,17]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S136898001200451X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s136898001200451x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,17]]}}}