{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T01:15:28Z","timestamp":1760577328081,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,14]],"date-time":"2012-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355443200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980012005289_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\">\n\t    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Data about vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> (B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>) deficiency in the general population are scarce. The present study was performed to determine the prevalence of B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency in the general population of the Principality of Liechtenstein, as well as to identify sub-populations potentially at high risk.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980012005289_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\">\n\t    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980012005289_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\">\n\t    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Ambulatory setting, population of the Principality of Liechtenstein.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980012005289_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\">\n\t    <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Seven thousand four hundred and twenty-four patients seeking medical attention whose serum samples were referred for routine work-up in an ambulatory setting were consecutively enrolled. Serum total B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> was determined in all patients in this cohort. In addition, for a subgroup of 1328 patients, serum holotranscobalamin was also measured. Prevalence of B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency was calculated. Further, multivariate logistical regression models were applied to identify covariates independently associated with B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency and depletion.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980012005289_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Nearly 8 % of the general population was suffering from either B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> depletion or deficiency. The ratio between B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> depletion and deficiency was 2:1 for all age ranges. Pathological changes were detected predominantly in older people. Female gender was a significant predictor of B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> depletion. In the cohort, nearly 40 % exhibited either depletion or deficiency of B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980012005289_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusion\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> depletion and deficiency are common in Liechtenstein, a Central European country. The measurement of biochemical markers represents a cost-efficient and valid assessment of the B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> state. When a deficiency of B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> is diagnosed at an early stage, many cases can be treated or prevented, with beneficial effects on individual outcomes and subsequent potential reductions in health-care costs.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980012005289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,14]],"date-time":"2012-12-14T12:03:50Z","timestamp":1355486630000},"page":"241-247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prevalence of vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> depletion and deficiency in Liechtenstein"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Victoria","family":"Koenig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeno","family":"Stanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Zerlauth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Bernasconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Risch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenz","family":"Risch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980012005289_manual_ref-24","first-page":"474","article-title":"Serum vitamin B12 levels in an adolescent population in Madrid","volume":"68","author":"Gil","year":"2008","journal-title":"An Pediatr (Barc)"},{"key":"S1368980012005289_manual_ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27514","article-title":"Metabolic evidence of vitamin B12 deficiency, including high homocysteine and methylmalonic acid and low holotranscobalamin, is more pronounced in older adults with elevated plasma folate","volume":"90","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980012005289_manual_ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265080292S117"},{"key":"S1368980012005289_manual_ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e328333d157"},{"key":"S1368980012005289_manual_ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27230C","article-title":"Studies of biomarker responses to intervention with vitamin B-12: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"89","author":"Hoey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980012005289_manual_ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19970052"},{"key":"S1368980012005289_manual_ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1173","article-title":"Maternal vitamin B12 status and risk of neural tube defects in a population with high neural tube defect prevalence and no folic acid fortification","volume":"123","author":"Molloy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"S1368980012005289_manual_ref-26","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Sant\u00e9 et styles de vie des adolescents \u00e2g\u00e9s de 16 \u00e0 20 ans en Suisse (2002) (SMASH 2002 \u2013 Swiss multicenter adolescent survey on health 2002). 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