{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T05:15:00Z","timestamp":1761110100267},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,17]],"date-time":"2014-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389916800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980013003480_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess vitamin D status among Cypriot adolescents and investigate potential determinants including BMI and body fat percentage (BF%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980013003480_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants had cross-sectional assessments of serum vitamin D, physical activity, dietary vitamin D intake and sun exposure. Linear and logistic regression models were used to explore the associations of vitamin D with potential predictors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980013003480_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hospitals, Cyprus, November 2007\u2013May 2008.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980013003480_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adolescents (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 671) aged 16\u201318 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980013003480_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean serum vitamin D was 22\u00b790 (<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc> 6\u00b741) ng\/ml. Only one in ten children had sufficient levels of vitamin D (\u226530 ng\/ml), while the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (12\u201320 ng\/ml) and severe deficiency (&lt;12 ng\/ml) was 31\u00b77 % and 4\u00b70 %, respectively. Lower vitamin D was associated with winter and spring season, female gender, reduced sun exposure in winter and darker skin. Participants with highest BMI and BF% when compared with a middle reference group had increased adjusted odds of vitamin D insufficiency (OR = 3\u00b700; 95 % CI 1\u00b721, 7\u00b745 and OR = 5\u00b702; 95 % CI 1\u00b780, 13\u00b797, respectively). A similar pattern, although not as strong, was shown for vitamin D deficiency with BF% (OR = 1\u00b781; 95 % CI 1\u00b704, 3\u00b716) and BMI (OR = 1\u00b751; 95 % CI 0\u00b785, 2\u00b767). Participants in the lowest BMI and BF% groups also displayed compromised vitamin D status, suggesting a U-shaped association.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980013003480_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency in adolescence is very prevalent in sunny Cyprus, particularly among females, those with darker skin and those with reduced sun exposure in winter. 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