{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T13:47:58Z","timestamp":1781272078134,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,10]],"date-time":"2014-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394409600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014000251_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the relationship between poor Fe status and overweight or obesity in elderly respondents in South Africa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014000251_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional, observational baseline survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014000251_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sharpeville, South Africa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014000251_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>A sample size calculation determined a representative sample of 104 randomly selected elderly (\u226560 years) respondents. Measurements included weight, height, biochemical and haematological parameters. Measured BMI was used to categorise the respondents into normal weight, overweight and obese groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014000251_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of the women were overweight (28\u00b74 %) or obese (54\u00b76 %); 58 % of the respondents had normal Fe status, 15 % were classified as Fe depleted, 9 % as Fe deficient and 13 % as Fe-deficient anaemic. Ten per cent of the respondents had low Hb levels with no other low Fe status parameters, and were thus anaemic due to other causes. A significant correlation (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>= 0\u00b7318,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0\u00b7001) existed between BMI and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). hs-CRP was negatively correlated to serum Fe levels (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>= \u22120\u00b7319,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0\u00b7001). No significant relationships existed between BMI and Fe status parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014000251_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A coexistence of obesity and poor Fe status were observed in these elderly respondents. The positive relationship between hs-CRP and BMI indicated chronic inflammation in the higher BMI groups. The negative relationship between hs-CRP and serum Fe indicated that lower serum Fe levels were related to the inflammation linked with higher BMI. A relationship between obesity-related chronic, low-grade inflammation and poor Fe status has been found in adults, but the significance of the current study is that this relationship was also confirmed for elderly persons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980014000251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,10]],"date-time":"2014-03-10T11:44:22Z","timestamp":1394451862000},"page":"521-529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Is obesity associated with iron status in the elderly? A case study from Sharpeville, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Wilna H","family":"Oldewage-Theron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulkadir A","family":"Egal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christa J","family":"Grobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.43"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref18","volume-title":"Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual","author":"Lohman","year":"1988"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref28","unstructured":"Bloodbook.com (2000) Blood test reference range chart. http:\/\/www.bloodbook.com\/ranges.html (accessed February 2008)."},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref17","volume-title":"Food Composition Tables","author":"Langenhoven","year":"1991"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref20","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, and Protein and Amino Acids","year":"2002"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195171693.001.0001","volume-title":"Principles of Nutritional Assessment","author":"Gibson","year":"2005"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2005.11.008"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref19","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2006) BMI classification, http:\/\/apps.who.int\/bmi\/index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.html (accessed February 2011)."},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.130609"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61235-5"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref15","unstructured":"The Survey System (2008) Sample size calculator. http:\/\/www.surveysystem.com\/sample-size-formula.htm (accessed February 2008)."},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref27","volume-title":"Essential Haematology","author":"Hoffbrand","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.353"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980008002401"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533608314536"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref22","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium and Carotenoids","year":"2000"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref14","volume-title":"Guidelines on Ethics for Medical Research: General Principles"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2009.00638.x"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref21","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium and Zinc","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/hsag.v13i3.282"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.112"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000033"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref13","first-page":"22","article-title":"Anaemia prevalence and dietary intake of elderly living in a peri-urban settlement in South Africa","volume":"36","author":"Oldewage-Theron","year":"2008","journal-title":"S Afr J Fam Ecol Food Sci"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.198"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2005.04.013"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7489(03)00131-7"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref11","first-page":"547","volume-title":"Community Nutrition Textbook for South Africa: A Rights-Based Approach","author":"Charlton","year":"2008"},{"key":"S1368980014000251_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.005439"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980014000251","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T22:18:50Z","timestamp":1716589130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980014000251\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,10]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980014000251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980014000251","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Authors 2014\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}