{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:13:14Z","timestamp":1790313194830,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,24]],"date-time":"2014-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398297600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014000640_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin A deficiency is a serious health problem in Bangladesh. The 2011\u201312 Bangladesh Micronutrient Survey found 76\u00b78 % of children of pre-school age were vitamin A deficient. In the absence of nationally representative, individual dietary assessment data, we use an alternative \u2013 household income and expenditure survey data \u2013 to estimate the potential impact of the introduction of vitamin A-fortified vegetable oil in Bangladesh.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014000640_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Items in the household income and expenditure survey were matched to food composition tables to estimate households\u2019 usual vitamin A intakes. Then, assuming (i) the intra-household distribution of food is in direct proportion to household members\u2019 share of the household\u2019s total adult male consumption equivalents, (ii) all vegetable oil that is made from other-than mustard seed and that is purchased is fortifiable and (iii) oil fortification standards are implemented, we modelled the additional vitamin A intake due to the new fortification initiative.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014000640_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nationwide in Bangladesh.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014000640_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>A weighted sample of 12240 households comprised of 55580 individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014000640_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety-nine per cent of the Bangladesh population consumes vegetable oil. The quantities consumed are sufficiently large and, varying little by socio-economic status, are able to provide an important, large-scale impact. At full implementation, vegetable oil fortification will reduce the number of persons with inadequate vitamin A intake from 115 million to 86 million and decrease the prevalence of inadequate vitamin A intake from 80 % to 60 %.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014000640_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vegetable oil is an ideal fortification vehicle in Bangladesh. Its fortification with vitamin A is an important public health intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980014000640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,24]],"date-time":"2014-04-24T12:43:41Z","timestamp":1398343421000},"page":"414-420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Estimating the impact of vitamin A-fortified vegetable oil in Bangladesh in the absence of dietary assessment data"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"John L","family":"Fiedler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Lividini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odilia I","family":"Bermudez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref6","unstructured":"Darnton-Hill I & Nalubola R (1989) Vitamin A fortification of wheat: Bangladesh experience. In Latest Advances in the Control of Vitamin A Deficiency and its Impact on Health, Government of Indonesia\/WHO, SEARO\/HKI. Report of a Regional Workshop, pp. 121\u2013135. Bogor, Indonesia: Nutrition Research and Development Centre. Cited in: Darnton-Hill I & Nalubola R (2002) Fortification strategies to meet micronutrient needs: successes and failures. Proc Nutr Soc 61, 231\u2013241."},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref5","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2013) FAOSTAT database, Commodity balances. http:\/\/faostat.fao.org\/site\/368\/default.aspx#ancor (accessed January 2013)."},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651203300102"},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265120333S203"},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651003100208"},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265120333S202"},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref21","volume-title":"Supply and Demand for Cereals in Bangladesh, 2010\u20132030. IFPRI Discussion Paper","author":"Ganesh-Kumar","year":"2012"},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref8","volume-title":"Wheat Flour Fortification Program in Bangladesh","year":"2003"},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651003100202"},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-375083-9.00206-3"},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref17","volume-title":"Report of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2010","year":"2012"},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref4","first-page":"33","article-title":"Impact of Government Law on edible oil supply chain in Bangladesh perspective","volume":"1","author":"Choudhury","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Supply Chain Mgt"},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref1","volume-title":"Maintaining Momentum in 2015? An Impact Evaluation of Interventions to Improve Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition in Bangladesh","year":"2005"},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482650903000401"},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651303400412"},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651303400413"},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref2","unstructured":"icddr,b, UNICEF, Bangladesh, GAIN et al. (2013) National Micronutrients Status Survey 2011\u201312. Final Report. Dhaka: icddr,b and UNICEF, Bangladesh; available at http:\/\/www.icddrb.org\/what-we-do\/publications\/cat_view\/52-publications\/10043-icddrb-documents\/10058-icddrb-reports-and-working-papers\/14275-survey-reports"},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195171693.001.0001","volume-title":"Principles of Nutritional Assessment","author":"Gibson","year":"2005"},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gfs.2012.09.002"},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref20","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment. A Report of the Subcommittees on Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes and Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients, and the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265120333S209"},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref7","volume-title":"Elements of a National Food Fortification Program for Bangladesh","author":"Dary","year":"2004"},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref18","unstructured":"Asian Development Bank (2006) Bangladesh Quarterly Economic Update \u2013 September 2006. Prepared by the Economics Unit of the Bangladesh Resident Mission, ADB. http:\/\/www.adb.org\/documents\/bangladesh-quarterly-economic-update-september-2006 (accessed April 2014)."},{"key":"S1368980014000640_ref3","volume-title":"Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980014000640","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]],"date-time":"2024-05-26T05:17:55Z","timestamp":1716700675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980014000640\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,24]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980014000640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980014000640","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Authors 2014\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}