{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:46:29Z","timestamp":1786999589876,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,27]],"date-time":"2014-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417046400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S136898001400264X_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Measurements of length at birth, or in the neonatal period, are challenging to obtain and often discounted for lack of validity. Hence, classical \u2018under-5\u2019 stunting rates have been derived from surveys on children from 6 to 59 months of age. Guatemala has a high prevalence of stunting (49\u00b78 %), but the age of onset of growth failure is not clearly defined. The objective of the study was to assess length-for-age within the first 1\u00b75 months of life among Guatemalan infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S136898001400264X_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\">\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      As part of a cross-sectional observational study, supine length was measured in young infants. Mothers\u2019 height was measured. Length-for-age\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      -scores (HAZ) were generated and stunting was defined as HAZ &lt;\u22122 using WHO growth standards.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S136898001400264X_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eight rural, indigenous Mam-Mayan villages (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      200, 100 % of Mayan indigenous origin) and an urban clinic of Quetzaltenango (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      106, 27 % of Mayan indigenous origin), Guatemala.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S136898001400264X_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\">\n                    <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three hundred and six newborns with a median age of 19 d.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S136898001400264X_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median rural HAZ was \u22121\u00b756 and prevalence of stunting was 38 %; the respective urban values were \u22121\u00b741 and 25 %. Linear regression revealed no relationship between infant age and HAZ (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0\u00b7101,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =0\u00b7010,\n                      <jats:italic>P=<\/jats:italic>\n                      0\u00b7077). Maternal height explained 3 % of the variability in HAZ (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0\u00b7171,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =0\u00b7029,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0\u00b7003).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S136898001400264X_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Stunting must be carried over from\n                      <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>\n                      growth retardation in short-stature Guatemalan mothers. As linear growth failure in this setting begins\n                      <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>\n                      , its prevention must be linked to maternal care strategies during gestation, or even before. A focus on maternal nutrition and health in an intergenerational dimension is needed to reduce its prevalence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s136898001400264x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,27]],"date-time":"2014-11-27T05:41:44Z","timestamp":1417066904000},"page":"1737-1745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Stunting at birth: recognition of early-life linear growth failure in the western highlands of Guatemala"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Noel W","family":"Solomons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke","family":"Vossenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Chomat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen M","family":"Doak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine G","family":"Koski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn E","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.61.3.257"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.09.008"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991764"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12912.x"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2010.01144.x"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref9","first-page":"1296","article-title":"Acute morbidity and physical growth in rural Guatemalan children","volume":"129","author":"Martorell","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601932"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12074"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref60","first-page":"152","article-title":"Maternal risk factors for low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation in a Guatemalan population","volume":"25","author":"Neel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bull Pan Am Health Organ"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-10-134"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22073"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref67","first-page":"S58","article-title":"Is complete catch-up possible for stunted malnourished children?","volume":"48","author":"Golden","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.07.030"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2012.239"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.8.2202","article-title":"Nutritional status and linear growth of Indonesian infants in West Java are determined more by prenatal environment than by postnatal factors","volume":"132","author":"Schmidt","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980009004765"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref25","unstructured":"UNICEF (2013) UNICEF Report: Critical importance of first 1,000 days of life. http:\/\/www.pncius.org\/update.aspx?id=79 (accessed June 2013)."},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0552"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.125013"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408444.2011.575766"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(82)90012-6"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980013001171"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/curationis.v28i4.1002"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.5.e75"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.3.546","article-title":"Growth faltering is prevented by breast-feeding in underprivileged infants from Mexico City","volume":"130","author":"Villalpando","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.112.002188"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref4","volume-title":"WHO Child Growth Standards: Length\/Height-for-Age, Weight-for-Age, Weight-for-Length, Weight-for-Height and Body Mass Index-for Age: Methods and Development","year":"2006"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref22","volume-title":"Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual","author":"Lohman","year":"1988"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref29","first-page":"761","article-title":"Risk factors for xerophthalmia in the Republic of Kiribati","volume":"50","author":"Schaumberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-5-27"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref23","unstructured":"Secretaria de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional, Gobierno de Guatamala (2012) Plan for the zero hunger pact for Guatemala (El plan del pacto hambre cero, Guatemala). http:\/\/issuu.com\/sesansecretaria\/docs\/pacto_hambre_cero\/19?e=5172177\/1152849 (accessed June 2013)."},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/125.5.1222","article-title":"Length screens better than weight in stunted populations","volume":"125","author":"Ruel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2227"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2012.01298.x"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-011-2168-3"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2011.00349.x"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref32","first-page":"285","article-title":"Human sex ratio as it relates to caloric availability","volume":"39","author":"Williams","year":"1992","journal-title":"Soc Biol"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115192"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref3","unstructured":"UNICEF (2009) State of the World\u2019s Children: Tracking progress on child and maternal nutrition \u2013 a survival and development priority. http:\/\/www.unicef.pt\/docs\/Progress_on_Child_and_Maternal_Nutrition_EN_110309.pdf (accessed May 2013)."},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.114496"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200004000-00011"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2005786"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/56.6.1012","article-title":"Growth patterns of breast-fed infants in affluent (United States) and poor (Peru) communities: implications for timing of complementary feeding","volume":"56","author":"Dewey","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.1.162","article-title":"Prospective study of protein\u2013energy supplementation early in life and of growth in the subsequent generation in Guatemala","volume":"78","author":"Stein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref27","volume-title":"V Encuesta Nacional de Salud Materno Infantil (ENSMI) 2008\u20132009","year":"2009"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2005.06.006"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.4.646","article-title":"Changes in maternal weight from the first to second trimester of pregnancy are associated with fetal growth and infant length at birth","volume":"79","author":"Neufeld","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002928"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2012.00543.x"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.314","article-title":"Age-specific determinants of stunting in Filipino children","volume":"127","author":"Adair","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2010.294"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-198604000-00001"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.83.4.532","article-title":"Zinc supplementation in infants with a nutritional pattern of failure to thrive: a double-blind, controlled study","volume":"83","author":"Walravens","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.11.057"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref68","first-page":"S45","article-title":"Reversibility of stunting: epidemiological findings in children from developing countries","volume":"48","author":"Martorell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2012.12.012"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651303400308"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651303400205"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(88)90792-2"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3998\/mpub.9951","volume-title":"Human Adaptation: A Functional Interpretation","author":"Frisancho","year":"1993"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.048306"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12330"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref18","first-page":"7","article-title":"Enrolment and baseline characteristics in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study","volume":"450","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Suppl"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref24","unstructured":"1000 Days Partnership (2011) 1,000 days: Change a life, change the future. http:\/\/www.thousanddays.org\/about\/ (accessed June 2013)."},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2012.12.001"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1519"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600371"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2011.190"},{"key":"S136898001400264X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1993.tb03758.x"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S136898001400264X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T17:26:46Z","timestamp":1747157206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S136898001400264X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,27]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S136898001400264X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s136898001400264x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Authors 2014\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}