{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T01:12:37Z","timestamp":1784077957715,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,4]],"date-time":"2014-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417651200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014002754_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess agreement among three nutrient profiling systems used to evaluate the healthfulness of vending machine products in recreation and sport settings in three Canadian provinces. We also assessed whether the nutritional profile of vending machine items in recreation and sport facilities that were adhering to nutrition guidelines (implementers) was superior to that of facilities that were not (non-implementers).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014002754_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trained research assistants audited the contents of vending machines. Three provincial nutrient profiling systems were used to classify items into each province\u2019s most, moderately and least healthy categories. Agreement among systems was assessed using weighted<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>statistics. ANOVA assessed whether the average nutritional profile of vending machine items differed according to province and guideline implementation status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014002754_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen recreation and sport facilities in three Canadian provinces. One-half of facilities were implementing nutrition guidelines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014002754_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Snacks (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>531) and beverages (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>618) within thirty-six vending machines were audited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014002754_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, the systems agreed that the majority of items belonged within their respective least healthy categories (66\u201369 %) and that few belonged within their most healthy categories (14\u201322 %). Agreement among profiling systems was moderate to good, with<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>values ranging from 0\u00b749 to 0\u00b769. Implementers offered fewer of the least healthy items (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b705) and these items had a better nutritional profile compared with items in non-implementing facilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014002754_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The policy outcomes of the three systems are likely to be similar, suggesting there may be scope to harmonize nutrient profiling systems at a national level to avoid unnecessary duplication and support food reformulation by industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980014002754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,4]],"date-time":"2014-12-04T08:14:24Z","timestamp":1417680864000},"page":"2251-2262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Policy outcomes of applying different nutrient profiling systems in recreational sports settings: the case for national harmonization in Canada"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Dana Lee","family":"Olstad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Poirier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patti-Jean","family":"Naylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Shearer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara FL","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980014002754_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-6310.2013.00167.x"},{"key":"S1368980014002754_ref25","unstructured":"Nova Scotia Department of Education & Nova Scotia Department of Health Promotion and Protection (2006) Food and Beverage Standards for Nova Scotia Public Schools. http:\/\/www.ednet.ns.ca\/healthy_eating\/pdf\/22454_ver2_lo_res.pdf (accessed January 2014)."},{"key":"S1368980014002754_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198108329998"},{"key":"S1368980014002754_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-88"},{"key":"S1368980014002754_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0b013e318237bf74"},{"key":"S1368980014002754_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2007.00003.x"},{"key":"S1368980014002754_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2008.10.018"},{"key":"S1368980014002754_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2011.1839","article-title":"Differences in nutrient intake associated with state laws regarding fat, sugar, and caloric content of competitive foods","volume":"166","author":"Taber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"S1368980014002754_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-2-14"},{"key":"S1368980014002754_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2006.07.007"},{"key":"S1368980014002754_ref27","volume-title":"Practical Statistics for Medical Research","author":"Altman","year":"1991"},{"key":"S1368980014002754_ref32","unstructured":"US Department of Agriculture (2010). 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