{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:05:58Z","timestamp":1792076758534,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,22]],"date-time":"2015-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421884800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014003036_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adverse childhood experiences, including abuse, neglect and household instability, affect lifelong health and economic potential. The present study investigates how adverse childhood experiences are associated with food insecurity by exploring caregivers\u2019 perceptions of the impact of their childhood adversity on educational attainment, employment and mental health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014003036_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Semi-structured audio-recorded in-person interviews that included (i) quantitative measures of maternal and child health, adverse childhood experiences (range: 0\u201310) and food security using the US Household Food Security Survey Module; and (ii) qualitative audio-recorded investigations of experiences with abuse, neglect, violence and hunger over participants\u2019 lifetimes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014003036_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Households in Philadelphia, PA, USA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014003036_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-one mothers of children &lt;4 years old who reported low or very low household food security.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014003036_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty-one caregivers (68 %) reported four or more adverse childhood experiences, and this severity was significantly associated with reports of very low food security (Fisher\u2019s exact<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7021). Mothers reporting emotional and physical abuse were more likely to report very low food security (Fisher\u2019s exact<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7032). Qualitatively, participants described the impact of childhood adverse experiences with emotional and physical abuse\/neglect, and household substance abuse, on their emotional health, school performance and ability to maintain employment. In turn, these experiences negatively affected their ability to protect their children from food insecurity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014003036_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The associations between mothers\u2019 adverse experiences in childhood and reports of current household food security should inspire researchers, advocates and policy makers to comprehensively address family hardship through greater attention to the emotional health of caregivers. Programmes meant to address nutritional deprivation and financial hardship should include trauma-informed approaches that integrate behavioural interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980014003036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,22]],"date-time":"2015-01-22T13:44:42Z","timestamp":1421934282000},"page":"2643-2653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["The relationship between childhood adversity and food insecurity: \u2018It\u2019s like a bird nesting in your head\u2019"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Mariana","family":"Chilton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Knowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Rabinowich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly T","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980014003036_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.01.008"},{"key":"S1368980014003036_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980010000339"},{"key":"S1368980014003036_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.4.719","article-title":"Family food insufficiency, but not low family income, is positively associated with dysthymia and suicide symptoms in adolescents","volume":"132","author":"Alaimo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980014003036_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2673783"},{"key":"S1368980014003036_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260504268602"},{"key":"S1368980014003036_ref2","volume-title":"Household Food Security in the United States in 2012, Statistical Supplement","author":"Coleman-Jensen","year":"2013"},{"key":"S1368980014003036_ref48","volume-title":"Bearing Witness: Violence and Collective Responsibility","author":"Bloom","year":"1998"},{"key":"S1368980014003036_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J013v32n01_08"},{"key":"S1368980014003036_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/40285219"},{"key":"S1368980014003036_ref35","volume-title":"Creating Sanctuary: Toward the Evolution of Sane Societies","author":"Bloom","year":"1997"},{"key":"S1368980014003036_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.754"},{"key":"S1368980014003036_ref37","volume-title":"Trauma-Informed Approaches: Federal Activities and Initiatives","year":"2013"},{"key":"S1368980014003036_ref59","unstructured":"Chilton M , Rabinowich J , Breen AB et al. 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