{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:42:36Z","timestamp":1777524156534,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,16]],"date-time":"2015-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421366400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014003061_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the prevalence of vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>deficiency and factors associated with vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>status in Amazonian children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014003061_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genetic risk score (GRS), socio-economic and nutritional status, and morbidity data were the independent variables used in multiple linear regression models to evaluate factors associated with vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>status in a population-based cross-sectional study. GRS was created by summing a number of known risk alleles for low serum vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014003061_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acrel\u00e2ndia, western Brazilian Amazon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014003061_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>988) aged &lt;10 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014003061_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall prevalence of vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>deficiency (&lt;150 pmol\/l) was 4\u00b72 (95 % CI 3\u00b70, 5\u00b76) % and was highest in children aged &lt;24 months: 13\u00b76 (95 % CI % 8\u00b78, 19\u00b77) %. For children &lt;24 months, wealth index (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7017,<jats:italic>P=<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7030) and animal protein intake<jats:italic>(\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7219,<jats:italic>P=<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7003) were positively associated with vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>status. GRS (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=\u22120\u00b7114,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001) and serum homocysteine (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=\u20130\u00b7049,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001) were negatively associated. Among children aged \u226524 months, vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>status was positively associated with wealth index (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7012,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001), height-for-age<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>-score (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7024<jats:italic>, P=<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7033) and serum vitamin A (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7089,<jats:italic>P&lt;<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7001). Age\u226560 months<jats:italic>(\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=\u20130\u00b7118,<jats:italic>P&lt;<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7001), GRS (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=\u20130\u00b7048<jats:italic>, P&lt;<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7001), maternal schooling &lt;5 years (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=\u20130\u00b7083,<jats:italic>P&lt;<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7001), low intake of animal-derived foods (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=\u20130\u00b7050,<jats:italic>P=<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7030), serum homocysteine (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=\u20130<jats:italic>\u00b7<\/jats:italic>053,<jats:italic>P&lt;<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7001), serum folate \u226523\u00b76 nmol\/l (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=\u20130\u00b7055,<jats:italic>P=<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7012) and geohelminth infection (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=\u20130\u00b7141,<jats:italic>P=<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7017) were negatively associated with vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980014003061_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>GRS, poverty, low intake of animal-derived foods, geohelminth infection, vitamin A and folate status were important factors associated with vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>status of children in our study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980014003061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,16]],"date-time":"2015-01-16T08:14:55Z","timestamp":1421396095000},"page":"2202-2210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Genetic and environmental factors associated with vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub>status in Amazonian children"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Cobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana Yuki","family":"Tomita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosangela Aparecida","family":"Augusto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vania","family":"D\u2019Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marly Augusto","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.016410"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.pdr.0000246099.39469.18"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.9.4640"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.111.001172"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2009.12.003"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0595-111"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17477161003615583"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-36342012000200007"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref36","first-page":"283","article-title":"The sedimentation concentration method in Schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"9","author":"Hoffman","year":"1934","journal-title":"Puerto Rico J Public Health Trop Med"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref26","volume-title":"Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual","author":"Lohman","year":"1988"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.5.1307","article-title":"Prevalent vitamin B-12 deficiency in twelve-month-old Guatemalan infants is predicted by maternal B-12 deficiency and infant diet","volume":"137","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/152308604322899305"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2011001100013"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265080292S105"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.032268"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2012.11.021"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12292"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665107005861"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1113996"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.035675"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12001"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp428"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref27","first-page":"76","article-title":"WHO child growth standards based on length\/height, weight and age","volume":"450","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Suppl"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.005777"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2009.02.011"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036341"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2011000200012"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602212"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-008-0143-1"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.157901"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.165506"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-009-9256-0"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.112160"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265080292S129"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651003100205"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.210"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref39","first-page":"115","article-title":"Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data \u2013 or tears: an application to educational enrolments in states of India","volume":"38","author":"Filmer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.3.676","article-title":"Low plasma vitamin B-12 in Kenyan school children is highly prevalent and improved by supplemental animal source foods","volume":"137","author":"McLean","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2004000300003"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref34","volume-title":"Assessing the Iron Status of Populations","year":"2007"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29284"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tancer-Elci H , Isik-Balcu Y , Bor-Kucukatay M et al. (2014) Investigation of hemorheological parameters at the diagnosis and the follow up of nutritional vitamin B12 deficient children. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc (Epublication ahead of print version).","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-131740"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.1610"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2003.218"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref38","first-page":"138","article-title":"Instrumentation for continuous array genotyping of short insert\/deletion polymorphisms","volume":"4966","author":"Rusch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceedings of the SPIE \u2013 Microarrays and Combinatorial Technologies for Biomedical Applications: Design, Fabrication, and Analysis"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03453.x"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2003.1.62","article-title":"Update on cobalamin, folate, and homocysteine","volume":"1","author":"Carmel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2013.01.022"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.5.919","article-title":"Polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and other enzymes: metabolic significance, risks and impact on folate requirement","volume":"129","author":"Bailey","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref33","volume-title":"Global Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency in Populations at Risk 1995\u20132005. WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency","year":"2009"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.7.1391","article-title":"Vitamin B-12 status is associated with socioeconomic level and adherence to an animal food dietary pattern in Colombian school children","volume":"138","author":"Villamor","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509992947","article-title":"Lifestyle and genetic determinants of folate and vitamin B12 levels in a general adult population","volume":"103","author":"Thuesen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-010-9119-1"},{"key":"S1368980014003061_ref52","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium and Zinc","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980014003061","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]],"date-time":"2019-08-19T19:34:42Z","timestamp":1566243282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980014003061\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,16]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980014003061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980014003061","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Authors 2015\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}