{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T18:51:53Z","timestamp":1793299913116,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]],"date-time":"2015-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441152000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980015002451_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the trend of increasing prevalence of childhood anaemia in Armenia, no studies exploring its risk factors have been conducted in the country. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of childhood anaemia in rural Armenia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980015002451_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood Hb level was measured among a representative sample of children using the HemoCue Hb201+ analyser. The revealed cases with anaemia were compared with randomly selected non-anaemic controls. Mothers of cases and controls were interviewed. Logistic and linear regression models were fitted to identify the risk factors of anaemia and low Hb level, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980015002451_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Talin communities, Aragatsotn Province, Armenia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980015002451_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children under 5 years of age in Talin region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980015002451_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 729 studied children, 32\u00b74 % were anaemic with 14\u00b77 % having moderate\/severe anaemia. Infants were the most affected group with 51\u00b71 % being anaemic before 6 months and 67\u00b79 % at 6\u201312 months of age. Fitted regression models identified the following predictors of anaemia: younger age, male gender, shorter birth length, anaemia during pregnancy, lower meal frequency per day, lack of meat in the diet, using dung cakes for heating and living in a community that received an incomplete set of nutrition interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980015002451_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study identified several modifiable risk factors that could be targeted to reduce childhood anaemia in rural Armenia and, possibly, in rural areas in other low-\/middle-income countries. The suggested interventions include prevention and treatment of anaemia during pregnancy, provision of adequate complementary feeding to children with inclusion of meat in their daily diet and reduction of their exposure to biomass fuel smoke.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980015002451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]],"date-time":"2015-09-02T11:36:45Z","timestamp":1441193805000},"page":"1260-1269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Prevalence and determinants of anaemia among children aged 0\u201359 months in a rural region of Armenia: a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Anahit","family":"Demirchyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varduhi","family":"Petrosyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktoria","family":"Sargsyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Hekimian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.12.2529","article-title":"Setting the stage for child health and development: prevention of iron deficiency in early infancy","volume":"138","author":"Chaparro","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-36342003001000005"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.23184"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651003100307"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.05.028"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e3280523aaf"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl234"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref30","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Anemia","author":"Sanou","year":"2012"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref18","first-page":"133","article-title":"Heavy metal toxicity and the environment","volume":"101","author":"Tchounwou","year":"2012","journal-title":"EXS"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471722146"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.1.336S","article-title":"The history of nutrition: malnutrition, infection and immunity","volume":"133","author":"Keusch","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3108"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61690-0"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1995.tb138212.x"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-790X2012000300020"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref43","volume-title":"Fuel for Life: Household Energy and Health","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.2.616S","article-title":"Iron and its relation to immunity and infectious disease","volume":"131","author":"Oppenheimer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036341"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/01.poc.0000127152.03809.87","article-title":"Multiple-site analytic evaluation of a new portable analyzer, HemoCue Hb 201+, for point-of-care testing","volume":"3","author":"B\u00e4ck","year":"2004","journal-title":"Point of Care"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2008.10719695"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2013.09.015"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.3.461"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref19","volume-title":"Armenia Demographic and Health Survey 2005","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.129247"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/66.5.1178","article-title":"Effect of iron supplementation on the iron status of pregnant women: consequences for newborns","volume":"66","author":"Preziosi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.108.094888"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.74.1.36"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.4.864"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1986"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(02)00229-8"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199801000-00005"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmu020"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref38","first-page":"147","article-title":"Prevalence of anemia and feeding behavior among 2\u20135 year-old children in poor areas of China","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wei Sheng Yan Jiu"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref46","volume-title":"Guidelines on Food Fortification with Micronutrients","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.6.1261","article-title":"Iron supplementation in early childhood: health benefits and risks","volume":"84","author":"Lannotti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.2.568S","article-title":"Iron biology in immune function, muscle metabolism and neuronal functioning","volume":"131","author":"Beard","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2014.00196"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref31","volume-title":"Armenia Demographic and Health Survey 2010","year":"2012"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref20","volume-title":"Armenia Demographic and Health Survey 2000","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601594"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref22","unstructured":"National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia (2011) The results of census of Republic of Armenia of 2011. http:\/\/armstat.am\/am\/?nid=504 (accessed June 2015)."},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3680","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.12.3680","article-title":"The diagnostic criteria for iron deficiency in infants should be reevaluated","volume":"132","author":"Domellof","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651303400411"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60937-X"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.80.2.153"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0024"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref34","first-page":"361","article-title":"Cow\u2019s milk consumption and iron deficiency anemia in children","volume":"81","author":"Oliveira","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70001-9"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref21","volume-title":"Haemoglobin Concentrations for the Diagnosis of Anaemia and Assessment of Severity. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (WHO\/NMH\/NHD\/MNM\/11.1)","year":"2011"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265100311S102"},{"key":"S1368980015002451_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-06-508325"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980015002451","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]],"date-time":"2022-05-21T06:47:14Z","timestamp":1653115634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980015002451\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980015002451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980015002451","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Authors 2015\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}