{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:58:08Z","timestamp":1777391888128,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]],"date-time":"2015-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447977600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980015003250_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the prevalence of and explanations for the avoidance of dairy foods, including symptoms attributed to their consumption, diagnoses and psychological predictors of avoidance. Also considered were comparisons with symptom-related avoidance of wheat in the same sample.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980015003250_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional population survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980015003250_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was conducted in Australia using a national postal omnibus survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980015003250_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adults aged 18 years and over (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 1184; 52\u00b79 % female) selected at random from the Australian Electoral Roll.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980015003250_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite few claims of formally diagnosed allergy or intolerance, 11\u00b78 % of the sample reported avoiding dairy products because of adverse physiological effects, which commonly included gastrointestinal symptoms. Unlike wheat (3\u00b75 %) or wheat-and-dairy (3\u00b76 %) avoidance, dairy avoidance (8\u00b72 %) was predicted by age (negatively) and worry about illness (positively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980015003250_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings are further evidence of a widespread tendency for consumers to exercise control over their health by eliminating dietary factors considered suspect without medical evidence or oversight. Unanswered questions include the decision processes underlying dairy avoidance, whether symptoms are attributed correctly, the agents and physiological mechanism(s) involved, the relative contributions of symptom severity and vigilance to the association with illness worry, and the nutritional adequacy of dairy avoiders\u2019 diets. Irrespective of the accuracy of self-diagnoses, if the elimination of suspect foods is an end in itself the paradoxical possibility for nutritional imbalances may have significant public health implications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980015003250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]],"date-time":"2015-11-20T04:31:58Z","timestamp":1447993918000},"page":"1616-1623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Food avoidance in an Australian adult population sample: the case of dairy products"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Bella","family":"Yantcheva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sin\u00e9ad","family":"Golley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Topping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Mohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980015003250_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.15.6.438"},{"key":"S1368980015003250_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655201750153476"},{"key":"S1368980015003250_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.034"},{"key":"S1368980015003250_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02506.x"},{"key":"S1368980015003250_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/34.2.191"},{"key":"S1368980015003250_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2009.09.019"},{"key":"S1368980015003250_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701003737"},{"key":"S1368980015003250_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1988.10478722"},{"key":"S1368980015003250_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.71.2.390"},{"key":"S1368980015003250_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.26736O"},{"key":"S1368980015003250_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980014000652"},{"key":"S1368980015003250_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.113.494.89"},{"key":"S1368980015003250_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.06149.x"},{"key":"S1368980015003250_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012801"},{"key":"S1368980015003250_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2005.10719503"},{"key":"S1368980015003250_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(99)71183-7"},{"key":"S1368980015003250_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1998.10718813"},{"key":"S1368980015003250_ref18","unstructured":"Heaney R , Keith JN & Duyff RL (2011) Unintended consequences of dairy avoidance. http:\/\/www.nationaldairycouncil.org\/SiteCollectionDocuments\/health_wellness\/lactose_intolerance\/Unintended%20Consequences%20of%20Dairy%20Avoidance%20-%202011.pdf (accessed November 2015)."},{"key":"S1368980015003250_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/141.2.352"},{"key":"S1368980015003250_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0902-4441.2000.ap90071.x"},{"key":"S1368980015003250_ref4","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (2011\u201312) Australian Health Survey: Nutrition First Results \u2013 Foods and Nutrients, 2011\u201312. 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