{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T01:28:38Z","timestamp":1773278918400,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,12]],"date-time":"2016-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455235200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980016000173_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current US dietary recommendations for vitamin D vary by age. Recent research suggests that body weight and skin colour are also major determinants of vitamin D status. The objective of the present epidemiological investigation was to clarify the role of age as a predictor of vitamin D status, while accounting for body weight and skin colour, among a nationally representative sample.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980016000173_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>We calculated the mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels for the US population by age and weight, as well as by weight and race\/ethnicity group. Multiple regression analyses were utilized to evaluate age and weight as predictors of vitamin D status: serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with age alone, age and body weight, and age, body weight and their two-way interaction were modelled for the entire sample and each age subgroup. Graphical data were developed using B-spline non-linear regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980016000173_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (31 934 unweighted cases).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980016000173_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals aged 1 year and older.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980016000173_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were highly significant differences in mean vitamin D status among US residents by weight and skin colour, with those having darker skin colour or higher body weight having worse vitamin D status. Although a significant factor, the impact of age on vitamin D status was notably less than the impact of body weight.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980016000173_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D status varied predominantly by body weight and skin colour. Recommendations by nutritionists for diet and supplementation needs should take this into account if vitamin D-related health disparities are to be meaningfully reduced across the USA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980016000173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,12]],"date-time":"2016-02-12T09:26:29Z","timestamp":1455269189000},"page":"1857-1864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Weight and skin colour as predictors of vitamin D status: results of an epidemiological investigation using nationally representative 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