{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T16:30:16Z","timestamp":1793205016491,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,19]],"date-time":"2016-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980016000239_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify the association of household food insecurity (HFI) with anthropometric status, the risk of vitamin A deficiency and anaemia, morbidities such as cough and fever, and hospitalizations for diarrhoea and pneumonia in children under 5 years old.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980016000239_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional study using data from the 2006 Brazilian Demographic and Health Survey. HFI was measured with the Brazilian Food Insecurity Measurement Scale (EBIA). Vitamin A deficiency and anaemia were assessed in blood samples. Child morbidities were reported by the child\u2019s mother and included cough, fever, and hospitalizations for diarrhoea and pneumonia. Regression results were expressed as unadjusted and adjusted OR and corresponding 95 % CI for severe food insecurity, with statistical significance set at<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b705.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980016000239_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nationally representative survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980016000239_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>4064) under 5 years old.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980016000239_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no association between HFI and vitamin A deficiency, pneumonia, wasting or overweight. The prevalence of cough, fever, hospitalization for diarrhoea and stunting were associated with degree of HFI severity. There was a significant association of morbidities and stunting with severe food insecurity (<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. food secure). After controlling for confounders, the association between severe food insecurity (<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. food secure\/rest of food insecurity categories) and the prevalence of common morbidities remained strong, showing that severely food-insecure children had a greater likelihood of experiencing cough (adjusted OR=1\u00b779) and of being hospitalized for diarrhoea (adjusted OR=2\u00b755).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980016000239_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severe HFI was associated with cough and severe diarrhoea among Brazilian children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980016000239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,19]],"date-time":"2016-02-19T07:03:48Z","timestamp":1455865428000},"page":"2240-2245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Household food insecurity, nutritional status and morbidity in Brazilian children"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Muriel Bauermann","family":"Gubert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Spaniol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisele Ane","family":"Bortolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"P\u00e9rez-Escamilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980016000239_ref11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Food insecurity and the behavioral and intellectual development of children: a review of the evidence","volume":"3","author":"Perez-Escamilla","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Appl Res Child"},{"key":"S1368980016000239_ref12","first-page":"1006","volume-title":"Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease","author":"Perez-Escamilla","year":"2013"},{"key":"S1368980016000239_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0097"},{"key":"S1368980016000239_ref2","volume-title":"The State of Food Insecurity in the World. 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