{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:59:56Z","timestamp":1792717196282,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]],"date-time":"2017-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485302400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980016003608_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify the magnitude of anaemia and deficiencies of Fe (ID) and vitamin A (VAD) and their associated factors among rural women and children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980016003608_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional, comprising a household, health and nutrition survey and determination of Hb, biochemical (serum concentrations of ferritin, retinol, C-reactive protein and \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-acid glycoprotein) and anthropometric parameters. Multivariate logistic regression examined associations of various factors with anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980016003608_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kalal\u00e9 district, northern Benin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980016003608_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mother\u2013child pairs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 767): non-pregnant women of reproductive age (15\u201349 years) and children 6\u201359 months old.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980016003608_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In women, the overall prevalence of anaemia, ID, Fe-deficiency anaemia (IDA) and VAD was 47\u00b77, 18\u00b73, 11\u00b73 and 17\u00b77 %, respectively. A similar pattern for anaemia (82\u00b74 %), ID (23\u00b76 %) and IDA (21\u00b72 %) was observed among children, while VAD was greater at 33\u00b76 %. Greater risk of anaemia, ID and VAD was found for low maternal education, maternal farming activity, maternal health status, low food diversity, lack of fruits and vegetables consumption, low protein foods consumption, high infection, anthropometric deficits, large family size, poor sanitary conditions and low socio-economic status. Strong differences were also observed by ethnicity, women\u2019s group participation and source of information. Finally, age had a significant effect in children, with those aged 6\u201323 months having the highest risk for anaemia and those aged 12\u201323 months at risk for ID and IDA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980016003608_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anaemia, ID and VAD were high among rural women and their children in northern Benin, although ID accounted for a small proportion of anaemia. Multicentre studies in various parts of the country are needed to substantiate the present results, so that appropriate and beneficial strategies for micronutrient supplementation and interventions to improve food diversity and quality can be planned.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980016003608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]],"date-time":"2017-01-25T07:18:20Z","timestamp":1485328700000},"page":"1203-1213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Prevalence of anaemia, deficiencies of iron and vitamin A and their determinants in rural women and young children: a cross-sectional study in Kalal\u00e9 district of northern Benin"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Halimatou","family":"Alaof\u00e8","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Burney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosamond","family":"Naylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Taren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909678107"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-09-453522"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref44","volume-title":"Vitamin A Fortification of Sugar in Zambia 1998\u20132001.","author":"Serlemitsos","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-06-508325"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/1813-9450-4752"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2895","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.9.2895S","article-title":"Biochemical indicators of vitamin A deficiency: serum retinol and serum retinol binding protein","volume":"132","author":"De Pee","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref6","first-page":"184","article-title":"Diversity and nutritional value of foods consumed by children in two agro-ecological zones of Benin","volume":"4","author":"Honfo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afr J Food Sci"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941406413475661"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265120334S307"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4136"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref40","first-page":"120","article-title":"Malnutrition in Sub\u2013Saharan Africa: burden, causes and prospects","volume":"15","author":"Bain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref8","unstructured":"Scaling Up Nutrition (2015) Strategic Processes for Scaling Up Nutrition, Benin. http:\/\/scalingupnutrition.org\/sun-countries\/benin (accessed November 2015)."},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref23","volume-title":"Guidelines for Measuring Household and Individual Dietary Diversity","author":"Kennedy","year":"2011"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czl029"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref17","volume-title":"State of the World 2011: Innovations that Nourish the Planet","author":"Nierenberg","year":"2011"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref25","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1995) Physical Status: The Use and Interpretation of Anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. WHO Technical Report Series no. 854. Geneva: WHO."},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315655406","volume-title":"Slavery, Memory and Identity: National Representations and Global Legacies","author":"Hamilton","year":"2015"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0706"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czs129"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref42","first-page":"33","article-title":"The prevalence of anemia and hemoglobinopathies in the hematologic clinics of the Kermanshah Province, Western Iran","volume":"8","author":"Payandeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref57","first-page":"308","article-title":"Factors responsible for iron deficiency anemia in children","volume":"3","author":"Maryam","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci Res"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref9","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2011) Profil nutritionnel de pays: R\u00e9publique du B\u00e9nin, 2011. ftp:\/\/ftp.fao.org\/ag\/agn\/nutrition\/ncp\/ben.pdf (accessed November 2015)."},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114059"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2008.00018.x"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref34","volume-title":"Nutrition and Development: Short- and Long-Term Consequences for Health","author":"Buttriss","year":"2013"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref33","first-page":"68","article-title":"Knowledge and use of zinc supplementation in the management of childhood diarrhoea among health care workers in public primary health facilities in Benin-city, Nigeria","volume":"2","author":"Omuemu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glob J Health Sci"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29284"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1198","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.5.1198","article-title":"Micronutrient deficiencies and gender: social and economic costs","volume":"81","author":"Darnton-Hill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref16","unstructured":"Institut National de la Statistique et de l\u2019Analyse \u00c9conomique (2004) Cahier des villages et quartiers de ville du d\u00e9partement du Borgou. http:\/\/www.insae-bj.org\/recensement-population.html\/Cahiers Villages 2002\/ALIBORI (accessed November 2015)."},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref46","first-page":"389","article-title":"Hematological studies in vitamin A deficient children","volume":"47","author":"Mohanram","year":"1977","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Res"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1301\/nr.2005.dec.S65-S76"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-20"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602906"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980008001833"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref22","first-page":"272","article-title":"Socioeconomic differences in health, nutrition, and population within developing countries: an overview","volume":"10","author":"Gwatkin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0599"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref39","first-page":"1","volume-title":"BMC Public Health","author":"Gelaw","year":"2013"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/jhpn.v28i4.6042"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref5","first-page":"414","article-title":"Seasonal variation in food pattern but not in energy and nutrient intakes of rural Beninese school-aged children","volume":"12","author":"Mitchikpe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15099-4"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/fns.2015.611098"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000365125"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a011692"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482650702800109"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2011.05.007"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref24","first-page":"942","volume-title":"Public Health Nutr","author":"de Onis","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572116639710"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref58","volume-title":"Complementary Feeding: Family Foods for Breastfed Children. Joint WHO\/FAO Expert Consultation","year":"2000"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref47","unstructured":"Stoltzfus R (1997) Effect of maternal vitamin A or \u03b2-carotene supplementation on iron deficiency anemia in Nepalese pregnant women, postpartum mothers and infants. In Report of the XVIII IVACG Meeting, Cairo, 1977, p. 86. Washington, DC: International Vitamin A Consultative Group."},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034906"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.450","article-title":"Retinol concentration in capillary dried blood spots from healthy volunteers: method validation","volume":"72","author":"Craft","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.181"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref7","volume-title":"Enqu\u00eate D\u00e9mographique et de Sant\u00e9 du B\u00e9nin 2011\u20132012","year":"2013"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.4.882","article-title":"Retinol analysis in dried blood spot by HPLC","volume":"130","author":"Craft","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref10","article-title":"Growth performance and iron status of rural Beninese school-age children in post-and pre-harvest season","volume":"10","author":"Mitchikpe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afr J Food Agric Nutr Dev"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20031042"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S136898001300222X"},{"key":"S1368980016003608_ref28","volume-title":"Guidelines on Food Fortification with Micronutrients. Joint WHO\/FAO Expert Consultation","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980016003608","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,17]],"date-time":"2019-04-17T19:48:34Z","timestamp":1555530514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980016003608\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980016003608"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980016003608","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Authors 2017\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}