{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:34:15Z","timestamp":1791941655728,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]],"date-time":"2018-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521590400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018000459_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inadequate maternal micronutrient status during pregnancy can lead to short- and long-term health risks for mother and offspring. The present study investigated the association between pre-pregnancy weight status and micronutrient status during pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018000459_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal blood samples were collected during early pregnancy (median 13, interquartile range 12\u201315 weeks) and were assayed for serum folate, ferritin, Fe and vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>. Regression modelling was used to assess the association between pre-pregnancy underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity, and micronutrient levels, as well as the odds for deficiencies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018000459_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) study, the Netherlands.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018000459_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with singleton pregnancies without diabetes (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 4243).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018000459_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After adjustment for covariates, overweight women and obese women had lower (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>; 95 % CI) folate (\u22121\u00b72; \u22122\u00b72, \u22120\u00b72 and \u22122\u00b73; \u22124\u00b70, \u22120\u00b77 nmol\/l, respectively) and Fe (\u22121\u00b77; \u22122\u00b73, \u22121\u00b71 and \u22123\u00b76; \u22124\u00b77, \u22122\u00b76 \u03bcmol\/l, respectively) levels than women with normal weight. Furthermore, overweight women had 6 % (95 % CI \u22129, \u22123 %) and obese women had 15 % (\u221219, \u221210 %), lower vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> levels, and obese women had 19 % (6, 32 %) higher ferritin levels, than normal-weight women. Obese women had higher odds (OR; 95 % CI) for folate deficiency (2\u00b703; 1\u00b735, 3\u00b706), Fe deficiency (3\u00b726; 2\u00b709, 5\u00b708) and vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency (2\u00b705; 1\u00b741, 2\u00b799) than women with normal weight. Underweight was not associated with micronutrient status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018000459_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>During early pregnancy, women with pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity had lower serum folate, Fe and vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> status. This resulted in increased risk of serum folate, Fe and vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiencies in women with obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980018000459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]],"date-time":"2018-03-21T05:39:09Z","timestamp":1521610749000},"page":"2046-2055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Association between pre-pregnancy weight status and maternal micronutrient status in early pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4879-7253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith M","family":"Scholing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margreet R","family":"Olthof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Femkje AM","family":"Jonker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja GM","family":"Vrijkotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980018000459_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-013-1407-6"},{"key":"S1368980018000459_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2012.03.017"},{"key":"S1368980018000459_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980016000756"},{"key":"S1368980018000459_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2011.01.037"},{"key":"S1368980018000459_ref31","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2016) BMI Classification. http:\/\/www.apps.who.int\/bmi\/index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.html (accessed December 2016)."},{"key":"S1368980018000459_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.02.007"},{"key":"S1368980018000459_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1499-0"},{"key":"S1368980018000459_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980007657991"},{"key":"S1368980018000459_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719115607976"},{"key":"S1368980018000459_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980013000736"},{"key":"S1368980018000459_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.985"},{"key":"S1368980018000459_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0793-y"},{"key":"S1368980018000459_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13574"},{"key":"S1368980018000459_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2008.10.044"},{"key":"S1368980018000459_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.1.187"},{"key":"S1368980018000459_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12293"},{"key":"S1368980018000459_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.04.021"},{"key":"S1368980018000459_ref7","first-page":"59","article-title":"Associations between body mass index and the prevalence of low micronutrient levels among US adults","volume":"8","author":"Kimmons","year":"2006","journal-title":"MedGenMed"},{"key":"S1368980018000459_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2009.00228.x"},{"key":"S1368980018000459_ref36","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2011) Serum ferritin concentrations for the assessment of iron status and iron deficiency in populations. http:\/\/www.apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/85843\/1\/WHO_NMH_NHD_MNM_11.2_eng.pdf (accessed October 2017)."},{"key":"S1368980018000459_ref1","volume-title":"The European Perinatal Health Report. 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