{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:04:05Z","timestamp":1792029845107,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]],"date-time":"2018-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521590400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018000551_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pain-related conditions, such as chronic widespread pain and fibromyalgia, are major burdens for individuals and the health system. Evidence from previous research on the association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and pain is conflicting. Thus, we aimed to determine if there is an association between mean 25(OH)D concentration (primary aim), or proportion of hypovitaminosis D (secondary aim), and pain conditions in observational studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018000551_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Published observational research on 25(OH)D concentration and pain-related conditions was systematically searched for in electronic sources (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and a random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on included studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018000551_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty-one observational studies with a total of 50 834 participants were identified. Compared with controls, mean 25(OH)D concentration was significantly lower in patients with arthritis (mean difference (MD): \u221212\u00b734 nmol\/l;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001), muscle pain (MD: \u22128\u00b797 nmol\/l;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7003) and chronic widespread pain (MD: \u22127\u00b777 nmol\/l;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001), but not in patients with headache or migraine (MD: \u22122\u00b753 nmol\/l;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b706). The odds of vitamin D deficiency was increased for arthritis, muscle pain and chronic widespread pain, but not for headache or migraine, compared with controls. Sensitivity analyses revealed similar results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018000551_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significantly lower 25(OH)D concentration was observed in patients with arthritis, muscle pain and chronic widespread pain, compared with those without. These results suggest that low 25(OH)D concentrations may be associated with pain conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980018000551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]],"date-time":"2018-03-21T08:35:34Z","timestamp":1521621334000},"page":"2022-2037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["The association between vitamin D concentration and pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Zhenqiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zarintaj","family":"Malihi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alistair W","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlene 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