{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T15:57:05Z","timestamp":1793635025714,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,26]],"date-time":"2018-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545782400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018003373_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness of a social marketing intervention in enhancing knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) related to consumption of vitamin A-fortified oil.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018003373_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>The intervention employed community events, distribution of educational materials and radio broadcasts. The intervention was assessed in a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group study design by collecting information on KAP regarding vitamin A-fortified oil consumption before and after 9 months of a 13-month intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018003373_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six districts in Manyara and Shinyanga regions in Tanzania were non-randomly selected as the intervention districts and two districts served as the control districts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018003373_abs4\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>At baseline, 568 lactating mothers with children aged &lt;5 years were randomly selected from the intervention and control districts. Of these, 494 mothers were followed up at endline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018003373_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 9 months of intervention, knowledge of fortification and actual consumption of adequately fortified oil were significantly higher in the intervention districts compared with the control districts (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0\u00b705). Knowledge of the health benefits of vitamin A improved significantly from about 33 to 45 % in both the intervention and control districts. The major sources of information for women were health clinics and community health workers (CHW).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980018003373_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study showed that a social marketing intervention is effective in improving KAP regarding fortified oil consumption at the household level. Clinics and CHW are channels that should be prioritized when communicating health messages, particularly those targeting women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980018003373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,26]],"date-time":"2018-12-26T10:04:47Z","timestamp":1545818687000},"page":"466-475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effectiveness of social marketing in improving knowledge, attitudes and practice of consumption of vitamin A-fortified oil in Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Daphne Chen Nee","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kitty","family":"Corbett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Horton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadira","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theobald CE","family":"Mosha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980018003373_ref9","volume-title":"Guideline: Vitamin A Supplementation in Infants and Children 6\u201359 Months of Age","year":"2011"},{"key":"S1368980018003373_ref30","first-page":"2","volume-title":"BMC Hematol","volume":"10","author":"Baizhumanova","year":"2010"},{"key":"S1368980018003373_ref26","volume-title":"Suppl\u00e9mentation en vitamine A et consommation des huiles fortifi\u00e9es en vitamine A chez les enfants de 6 \u00e0 59 mois et leurs m\u00e8res dans la ville de Bobo-Dioulasso et la province de Gourma","year":"2012"},{"key":"S1368980018003373_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-7-38"},{"key":"S1368980018003373_ref1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017) Micronutrient deficiencies | Vitamin A deficiency. http:\/\/www.who.int\/nutrition\/topics\/vad\/en\/ (accessed February 2017)."},{"key":"S1368980018003373_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-7-37"},{"key":"S1368980018003373_ref25","unstructured":"Walters D (2017) Economics of maternal and child health nutrition: food fortification with vitamin A in Tanzania. PhD Thesis, University of Toronto."},{"key":"S1368980018003373_ref14","first-page":"24","volume-title":"Social Marketing: Strategies for Changing Public Behavior","author":"Kotler","year":"1989"},{"key":"S1368980018003373_ref7","volume-title":"Micronutrient Supplements for Child Survival (Vitamin A and Zinc)","author":"Horton","year":"2009"},{"key":"S1368980018003373_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2004.011155"},{"key":"S1368980018003373_ref27","unstructured":"Horton S , Saleh N & Mosha TCE (2017) Final Technical Report: MASAVA promoting fortified sunflower oil through eVouchers. https:\/\/idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org\/bitstream\/handle\/10625\/56751\/56802.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. (accessed November 2017)."},{"key":"S1368980018003373_ref12","unstructured":"Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority (2011) The Tanzania Food, Drugs and Cosmetics (Food Fortification) Regulations. 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