{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:12:36Z","timestamp":1777425156039,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558051200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558051200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019001113_as1\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both vitamin D and Fe micronutrient deficiencies are common in Saudi Arabia but the association between them is unclear. The present study aimed to determine whether Fe indices are associated with vitamin D status and other metabolic markers in Arab adolescents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019001113_as2\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Single-centre, cross-sectional study gathering anthropometrics, glucose and lipid profile. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), Fe, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (%) and other parameters were measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019001113_as3\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D School Project Database, King Saud University (2014\u20132016).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019001113_as4\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Arab adolescents aged 10\u201317 years randomly selected from the Vitamin D School Project Database (170 Saudi students; 100 girls, seventy boys).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019001113_as5\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among Fe indices, only TIBC was found to be significantly and inversely associated with 25(OH)D (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120\u00b720; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b701) and only in girls (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120\u00b720; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b705). Among cardiometabolic parameters, serum Fe was associated with TAG in boys (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b736; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b701) and inversely associated with HDL-cholesterol in girls (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120\u00b729; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b705). Age was the most significant predictor of serum Fe for all participants, accounting for 5 % (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0\u00b705; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b7004) of variance perceived. Serum 25(OH)D and age, on the other hand, were the most significant predictors for TIBC, accounting for 10\u00b71 % (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0\u00b710; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b7001) of variance perceived.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019001113_as6\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among healthy Arab adolescents, the association between vitamin D and Fe indices, particularly TIBC, is modest, inverse and sex-dependent. Larger studies with inclusion of markers such as hepcidin and ferritin, vitamin D metabolites and endogenous sex hormones may provide a clearer view of this complex association.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980019001113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T08:04:54Z","timestamp":1558080294000},"page":"1208-1213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The association between iron and vitamin D status in Arab adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mohammad S","family":"Masoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sobhy M","family":"Yakout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar S","family":"Al-Attas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Majed S","family":"Alokail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasser M","family":"Al-Daghri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10121870"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2018.02.002"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref16","first-page":"205","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Saudi children and risks of iron deficiency anemia","volume":"21","author":"Albar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Pediatr Res"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-017-0383-y"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195284"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-009-0850-3"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131315"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515004766"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref5","first-page":"1179562X17745088","article-title":"The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and its associated risk factors among a sample of female university students in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia","volume":"10","author":"Alzaheb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Womens Health"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-011-0312-5"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000199"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-018-3092-3"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-017-2373-3"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph11040107"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60865-0"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9030229"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2015.2.10289"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2018.4.21360"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2018.04.016"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-016-0295-y"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.4.1080S"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-012-0375-8"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2015.11.003"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001799"},{"key":"S1368980019001113_ref20","volume-title":"Determination of Serum Iron, Total Iron Binding Capacity and Percent Transferrin Saturation; 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