{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T00:46:04Z","timestamp":1770511564176,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568246400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568246400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019002015_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study assessed changes in children and mothers\u2019 nutritional status before and after raising Bangladeshi households out of extreme poverty through an income-generating activities (IGA) programme.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019002015_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Extreme poor households took part in the IGA programme for 2 years and recruitment took place over four waves in annual cycles. Children and mothers were measured with regarding their nutritional status before and after the IGA programme commenced.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019002015_as3\"><jats:title>Settings:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rural Bangladesh.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019002015_as4\"><jats:title>Subjects:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three-hundred and eighty-two children under 5 years of age at recruitment, and their mothers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019002015_as5\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 2 years of the IGA programme, the prevalence of stunting significantly declined from 40\u00b73 % to 33\u00b70 % (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0\u00b7003), anaemia declined from 51\u00b76 % to 44\u00b70 % (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0\u00b7020) while mothers\u2019 CED (Chronic Energy Deficiency) declined from 52\u00b70 % to 42\u00b77 % (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0\u00b7001), but no significant changes were found in children\u2019s wasting, declining from 25\u00b74 % to 21\u00b75 %, underweight which remained the same at 43\u00b72 %, while mothers\u2019 anaemia rose from 39\u00b73 % to 42\u00b77 %. There were also highly significant improvements in household socio-economic status. Increases in socio-economic security (especially in relation to cash savings and net income) and improvements in food quantity and quality (indicated by greater food diversity and animal food intake) were associated with normal nutritional status, and cessation of open defecation was associated with reduction in mothers\u2019 and child anaemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019002015_as6\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The IGA programme was associated with increased household socio-economic security, such as asset accumulation, food security and sanitation, and with improvements in the nutritional status of children and their mothers in extreme poor households.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980019002015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T10:36:22Z","timestamp":1568284582000},"page":"3073-3082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The impact of an income-generating activities programme on children and mothers\u2019 undernutrition in extreme poor rural Bangladeshi households"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6220-6659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rie","family":"Goto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Devine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.G.","family":"Nicholas Mascie-Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Ormand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul Jabber","family":"Jufry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980019002015_ref16","unstructured":"16. 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