{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T18:12:56Z","timestamp":1767982376294,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567555200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567555200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019002258_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the prevalence of folic acid deficiency in Queensland-wide data of routine laboratory measurements, especially in high-risk sub-populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019002258_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Secondary health data analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019002258_as3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis of routine folic acid tests conducted by Pathology Queensland (AUSLAB).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019002258_as4\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female and male persons aged 0\u2013117 years with routine folic acid testing between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2015. If repeat tests on the same person were conducted, only the initial test was analysed (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 291 908).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019002258_as5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall the prevalence of folic acid deficiency declined from 7\u00b75 % before (2004\u20132008) to 1\u00b71 % after mandatory folic acid fortification (2010\u20132015; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b7001) reflecting a relative reduction of 85 %. Levels of erythrocyte folate increased significantly from a median (interquartile range) of 820 (580\u20131180) nmol\/l in 2008 before fortification to 1020 (780\u20131350) nmol\/l in 2010 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b7001) after fortification. The prevalence of folic acid deficiency in the Indigenous population (14 792 samples) declined by 93 % (17\u00b74 <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. 1\u00b73 %; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b7001); and by 84 % in non-Indigenous residents (7\u00b70 <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. 1\u00b71 %; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b7001). In a logistic regression model the observed decrease of folic acid deficiency between 2008 and 2010 was found independent of gender, age and ethnicity (OR<jats:sub>crude<\/jats:sub> = 0\u00b720; 95 % CI 0\u00b718, 0\u00b723; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b7001; OR<jats:sub>adjusted<\/jats:sub> = 0\u00b721; 95 % CI 0\u00b718, 0\u00b723; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b7001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019002258_as6\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>While voluntary folic acid fortification, introduced in 1995, failed especially in high-risk subgroups, the 2009 mandatory folic acid fortification programme coincided with a substantial decrease of folic acid deficiency in the entire population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980019002258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T08:44:13Z","timestamp":1567586653000},"page":"3426-3434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Folic acid deficiency declined substantially after introduction of the mandatory fortification programme in Queensland, Australia: a secondary health data analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Slagman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linton","family":"Harriss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reinhold","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980019002258_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2017.12.010"},{"key":"S1368980019002258_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20442"},{"key":"S1368980019002258_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050644"},{"key":"S1368980019002258_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2012.01484.x"},{"key":"S1368980019002258_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2005.10719474"},{"key":"S1368980019002258_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980015000555"},{"key":"S1368980019002258_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980009005783"},{"key":"S1368980019002258_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780040211"},{"key":"S1368980019002258_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13963"},{"key":"S1368980019002258_ref17","first-page":"421","article-title":"Optimal serum and red blood cell folate concentrations in women of reproductive age for prevention of neural tube defects: World Health Organization guidelines","volume":"64","author":"Cordero","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly"},{"key":"S1368980019002258_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2011.00759.x"},{"key":"S1368980019002258_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2011.tb04169.x"},{"key":"S1368980019002258_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12425"},{"key":"S1368980019002258_ref13","unstructured":"13. 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