{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T04:43:12Z","timestamp":1768279392527,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574640000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019003100_as1\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study provides ranges for the magnitude of bias caused by measurement error in stunting rates, a widely used a proxy for long-term nutritional status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019003100_as2\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stunting, which is determined by the number of cases that fall below \u22122 <jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc> from the mean height-for-age in the population, mechanically increases with higher variance. This variance stems from both natural heterogeneity in the population and measurement error. To isolate the effect of measurement error, we model the true distributions which could give rise to the observed distributions after subtracting a simulated measurement error.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019003100_as3\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyse information from three rounds of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in Egypt (2005, 2008 and 2014). Egypt ranks high among developing countries with low-quality anthropometric data collected in the DHS, currently the main source of anthropometry in the country.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019003100_as4\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study relies on re-analysis of existing DHS data, which record height, weight and age data for children under 5 years old.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019003100_as5\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Under the most conservative assumptions about measurement error, the stunting rate falls by 4 percentage points for the most recent DHS round, while assuming higher levels of measurement error reduces the stunting rate more dramatically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980019003100_as6\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Researchers should be aware of and adjust for data quality concerns in calculating stunting rates for cross-survey comparisons or in communicating to policy makers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980019003100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T08:04:49Z","timestamp":1574669089000},"page":"776-781","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>Ex post<\/i> adjustment for measurement error in stunting calculations: an illustration from Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Figueroa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7399-6003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sikandra","family":"Kurdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980019003100_ref20","volume-title":"The Structure and Importance of the Commercial and Village Based Poultry in Egypt","author":"Hosny","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1368980019003100_ref19","volume-title":"ZSCORE06: Stata Module to Calculate Anthropometric Z-Scores Using the 2006 WHO Child Growth Standards","author":"Leroy","year":"2011"},{"key":"S1368980019003100_ref17","volume-title":"Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 2014","year":"2015"},{"key":"S1368980019003100_ref16","volume-title":"Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 2008","author":"El-Zanaty","year":"2009"},{"key":"S1368980019003100_ref15","volume-title":"Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 2005","author":"El-Zanaty","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1368980019003100_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-016-1515-y"},{"key":"S1368980019003100_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003735"},{"key":"S1368980019003100_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1627-3"},{"key":"S1368980019003100_ref12","volume-title":"Nutrition and Economic Development: Exploring Egypt\u2019s Exceptionalism and the Role of Food Subsidies","author":"Ecker","year":"2016"},{"key":"S1368980019003100_ref10","volume-title":"MEAURE Biomarker Field Manual Demographic and Health Surveys Methodology","year":"2013"},{"key":"S1368980019003100_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S136898001500333X"},{"key":"S1368980019003100_ref7","first-page":"1189","article-title":"Nutritional evaluation of undocumented children: a neglected health issue affecting the most fragile people","volume":"32","author":"Comandini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"S1368980019003100_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28496"},{"key":"S1368980019003100_ref5","volume-title":"Nutritional Status of Children: Results from the Demographic Health Surveys 1994\u20132001","author":"Mukuria","year":"2005"},{"key":"S1368980019003100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxx064"},{"key":"S1368980019003100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/0198292686.001.0001"},{"key":"S1368980019003100_ref21","volume-title":"Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza: A Rapid Assessment of the Socio-Economic Impact on Vulnerable Households in Egypt","author":"Geerlings","year":"2007"},{"key":"S1368980019003100_ref11","volume-title":"An Assessment of the Quality of DHS Anthropometric Data, 2005\u20132014","author":"Assaf","year":"2005"},{"key":"S1368980019003100_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482650502600205"},{"key":"S1368980019003100_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168585"},{"key":"S1368980019003100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980011001315"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980019003100","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T14:07:50Z","timestamp":1584540470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980019003100\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980019003100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980019003100","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]]}}}