{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T22:54:25Z","timestamp":1794264865690,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599609600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":39,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S136898001900466X_as1\" sec-type=\"other\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To summarise the findings from this supplemental issue on the distribution of malnutrition (stunting\/short stature, anaemia and overweight) by wealth, education and ethnicity within and between ten Latin American countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S136898001900466X_as2\" sec-type=\"other\">\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrieved information from each country\u2019s article and estimated the average difference in the prevalence of malnutrition between groups. We estimated the associations between countries\u2019 malnutrition prevalence and GDP, percentage of women with high education and percentage of non-indigenous ethnicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S136898001900466X_as3\" sec-type=\"other\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nationally representative surveys from ten Latin American countries conducted between 2005 and 2017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S136898001900466X_as4\" sec-type=\"other\">\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children (&lt;5 years), adolescent women (11\u201319 years) and adult women (20\u201349 years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S136898001900466X_as5\" sec-type=\"other\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Socially disadvantaged groups (low wealth, low education and indigenous ethnicity) had on average 15\u201321 (range across indicators and age groups) percentage points (pp) higher prevalence of stunting\/short stature and 3\u201311 pp higher prevalence of anaemia. For overweight or obesity, adult women with low education had a 17 pp higher prevalence; differences were small among children &lt;5 years, and results varied by country for adolescents by education, and for adults and adolescents by wealth and ethnicity. A moderate and strong correlation (\u20130\u00b758 and\u00a0\u20130\u00b771) was only found between stunting\/short stature prevalence and countries\u2019 GDP per capita and percentage of non-indigenous households.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S136898001900466X_as6\" sec-type=\"other\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overweight was equally distributed among children; findings were mixed for ethnicity and wealth, whereas education was a protective factor among adult women. There is an urgent need to address the deep inequalities in undernutrition and prevent the emerging inequalities in excess weight from developing further.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s136898001900466x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T03:57:51Z","timestamp":1599623871000},"page":"s1-s12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Malnutrition in all its forms by wealth, education and ethnicity in Latin America: who are more affected?"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2823-6651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Batis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Mazariegos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reynaldo","family":"Martorell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan A","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62304-5"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k2252"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2014-205353"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302066"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600931"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68808-9"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60937-X","article-title":"Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"382","author":"Black","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.044800"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572116684730"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref39","first-page":"104","article-title":"Nutrition situation in Latin America and the Caribbean: current scenario, past trends, and data gaps","volume":"40","author":"Galicia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803478"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30204-8"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxm001"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref15","first-page":"5","article-title":"Health equity: the linchpin of sustainable development","volume":"38","author":"Becerra-Posada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70173-6"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980014002924"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49891999001100004"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2016-000206"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref23","unstructured":"23. World Bank Website. Available at: https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/ (accessed January 2019)."},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref16","unstructured":"16. Wagstaff, AW & Watanabe, N (2000) Socioeconomic Inequalities in Child Malnutrition in the Developing World. Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2434. World Bank, Washington, DC. \u00a9 World Bank. https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/19791 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO."},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.12.031"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12694"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.2899"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S77","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.1462","article-title":"Malnutrition, poverty, and economic growth","volume":"18","author":"Heltberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2014.00013"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu075"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref10","first-page":"940","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and obesity in adult populations of developing countries: a review","volume":"82","author":"Monteiro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980012001164"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.179"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572118769265"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.043497"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001390"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref24","volume-title":"Straightforward Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Evans","year":"1996"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.04.024"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(03)00209-0"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572116684242"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-36342012000200012"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.09.069195","article-title":"Narrowing socioeconomic inequality in child stunting: the Brazilian experience, 1974\u20132007","volume":"88","author":"Monteiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1171-x"},{"key":"S136898001900466X_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.052332"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S136898001900466X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T03:58:25Z","timestamp":1599623905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S136898001900466X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S136898001900466X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s136898001900466x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}}}