{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T23:12:20Z","timestamp":1788995540568,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980020001998_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review summarises and synthesises the existing literature on the relationship between food insecurity (FS) and mental health conditions among adult individuals experiencing homelessness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980020001998_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Scoping review. Papers published between 1 January 2008 and 2 November 2018, searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and CINAHL, using homelessness, food security and mental health keywords.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980020001998_as3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Global evidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980020001998_as4\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Homeless adults aged 18 years or more.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980020001998_as5\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nine articles (eight cross-sectional and one longitudinal) were included in the present review. FS was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, the United States Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Survey Module, as well as single-item or constructed measures. Depression and depressive symptoms were the most common mental health conditions studied. Other mental health conditions assessed included alcohol and substance use, emotional disorders, mental health problems symptoms severity and psychiatric hospitalisations. Composite measures such as axis I and II categories and a cluster of severe mental conditions and mental health-related functioning status were also analysed. FS and mental health-related problems were considered as both exposure and outcome variables. The existing evidence suggests a potential association between FS and several mental health conditions, particularly depression, mental health symptoms severity and poor mental health status scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980020001998_as6\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review suggests the potential association between some mental health conditions and FS among homeless adults. However, there is a need for more longitudinal- and interventional-based studies, in order to understand the nature and directionality of the links between FS and mental health in this population group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980020001998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T07:10:29Z","timestamp":1595401829000},"page":"1766-1777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Food insecurity and mental health outcomes among homeless adults: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth I","family":"Loftus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Lachaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen W","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1131-8439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cilia","family":"Mejia-Lancheros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980020001998_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-009-9597-z"},{"key":"S1368980020001998_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2014.03.013"},{"key":"S1368980020001998_ref51","unstructured":"51. Speak, S (2019) The state of homelessness in developing countries. Presentated at: United Nations expert group meeting on \u201cAffordable housing and social protection systems for all to address homelessness\u201d, May 22\u201324, Nairobi, Kenya."},{"key":"S1368980020001998_ref8","unstructured":"8. FAO, IFAD, UNICEF et al. (2018) The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018: Building Climate Resilience for Food Security and Nutrition. Rome: FAO. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/i9553en\/i9553en.pdf (accessed February 2019)."},{"key":"S1368980020001998_ref1","unstructured":"1. Gaetz, S , Barr, C , Friesen, A et al. (2012) Canadian Definition of Homelessness. 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