{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T22:01:05Z","timestamp":1747173665021,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597881600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S136898002000261X_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the inclusion and exclusion of nutritional content in guidance materials related to nutritional care for hospitalised Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) patients of any age with the aim to provide recommendations for future revised nutritional care guidelines in Ebola Treatment Units (ETU).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S136898002000261X_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Qualitative and quantitative analyses of ETU protocols and other guidance materials were conducted. Materials were obtained from practitioners, their organisations and governments active in EVD outbreaks since 2014.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S136898002000261X_as3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Democratic Republic of Congo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S136898002000261X_as4\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Guidance materials showed a wide variety of topics. Most contained information on different feeding phases during illness, the use of specialised products, what and how to feed children aged 0\u201323 months, and meal and snack frequency for different age groups. Most materials lacked guidance on how to assess or accommodate patients\u2019 dietary preferences, how to obtain feedback on nutritional care from patients or how to assess whether patients need feeding support. These aspects are particularly relevant to prevent deterioration of the patients\u2019 nutritional status. There was limited guidance on operational aspects of food preparation and provision.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S136898002000261X_as5\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since 2014, numerous materials have been developed by organisations and governments on nutritional support in ETU. Although every EVD outbreak response must be contextualised because of the complexity of EVD and its case management, it is important to resolve technical differences and to provide comprehensive and more practical guidance. The findings of this study may inform future revised guidelines from normative UN organisations and governments of countries affected by EVD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s136898002000261x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T09:12:12Z","timestamp":1597914732000},"page":"139-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Guidance materials from 2014 to 2019 on nutritional care for Ebola patients in Ebola Treatment Units: an analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7182-2998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mija","family":"Ververs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Vorfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Appendix: Nutritional Tools for Patients Infected with Filovirus Disease (FVD)","year":"2018","key":"S136898002000261X_ref12"},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202468"},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref19","unstructured":"19. UNICEF. Food and nutrition component of direct EVD Response \u2013 Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone. Date unknown."},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607115621863"},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref10","unstructured":"10. Save the Children (2015) Kerrytown Ebola Treatment Centre. ETC Nutrition Protocol."},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504874"},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607117711387"},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref18","unstructured":"18. Democratic Republic of Congo Ministry of Health National Nutrition Programme with the support of UNICEF-DRC, adapted from WHO (2018) Protocol for Nutritional Care for Adults and Children with Ebola Virus Disease Hospitalized in Treatment Centres (ETC), pp. 1\u201317."},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref20","unstructured":"20. WHO (2016) Clinical management of patients with viral haemorrhagic fever. A pocket guide for the front-line health worker, pp. 1\u2013203; available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/resources\/publications\/clinical-management-patients\/en\/ (accessed June 2019)."},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2379-7835.ijn-19-3083"},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref5","unstructured":"5. International Medical Corps (2014) Nutritional Guidelines for Ebola Treatment Centers. pp. 1\u20133."},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw725"},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref9","unstructured":"9. Partners in Health (2015) Nutritional Care for Patients at Maforki Ebola Holding and Treatment Centre."},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref7","unstructured":"7. International Committee of the Red Cross (2015) Nutrition Care Protocols for Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Patients \u2013 Liberia experience."},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200411000-00018"},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref6","unstructured":"6. GOAL (2014) International Package of Various Tools\/Protocols for ETU. Port Loko Ebola Treatment Center."},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref15","unstructured":"15. Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Republic of Liberia (2014) Guideline for Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak in Affected Countries of Liberia on Infant and Young Child Feeding in an Emergency. Guidelines in the context of Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak in Affected Countries of Liberia, pp. 1\u201327."},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2601.191024"},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref3","unstructured":"3. WHO, UNICEF & WFP (2014) Interim Guideline: Nutritional Care of Children and Adults with Ebola Virus Disease in Treatment Centres. Interim Guideline. Geneva: World Health Organization; available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/nutrition\/publications\/guidelines\/nutritionalcare_with_ebolavirus\/en\/ (accessed June 2019)."},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref16","unstructured":"16. Ministry of Health \u2013 WHO by PRONANUT with the support of UNICEF and WFP (2018) Joint Nutritional and Food Management Strategy without the Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic Response Framework in the Health Zones of Bikoro, Iboko, Ntondo, Mbandaka and Wanganta in the Equateur Province, DRC. For the Ebola Virus Disease Response Strategy, pp. 1\u20138."},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref11","unstructured":"11. International Committee of the Red Cross and M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res (2016) Nutritional protocol for patients infected with Ebola Virus Disease."},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref1","unstructured":"1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018) Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo Outbreak (ongoing) https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vhf\/ebola\/outbreaks\/drc\/2018-august.html (accessed July 2019)."},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref8","unstructured":"8. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (2015) Ebola Treatment Center Standard Operating Procedures."},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref13","unstructured":"13. Government of Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone Emergency Management Program Standard Operating Procedure for Food Distribution to Quarantined Households, Holding and Treatment Centres. Sierra Leone Emergency Management Program Standard Operating Procedure for Nutritional Support, Version (1), pp. 1\u201327."},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref21","unstructured":"21. WHO (2019) Optimized Supportive Care for Ebola Virus Disease. Clinical Management Standard Operating Procedures, pp. 21; available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/resources\/publications\/optimized-supportive-care\/en\/ (accessed June 2019)."},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref17","unstructured":"17. PRONANUT National Nutrition Programme at the Ministry of Health with the support of UNICEF-DRC (2018) Guidance Manual on the Promotion, Protection and Support of Infant and Young Child Feeding in Community Settings, in the Context of the Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic, pp. 1\u201325."},{"key":"S136898002000261X_ref14","unstructured":"14. Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Republic of Liberia (2014) Guidelines on Nutritional Care and Support for EVD Patients in Treatment Units and Care Centers. A Practical Guide for Implementing Agencies Involved in the Management and Treatment of EVD in Liberia, pp. 1\u201345."}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S136898002000261X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T08:13:57Z","timestamp":1608624837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S136898002000261X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S136898002000261X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s136898002000261x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1368-9800"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1475-2727"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and The Author(s), 2020. To the extent this is a work of the US Government, it is not subject to copyright protection within the United States. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}