{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T03:11:44Z","timestamp":1776309104769,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603065600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980020004139_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the association between food insecurity and HIV infection with depression and anxiety among new tuberculosis (TB) patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980020004139_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our cross-sectional study assessed depression, anxiety and food insecurity with Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Zung Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale (ZUNG) and Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, respectively. Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to examine correlates of depression (PHQ-9 \u2265 10) and anxiety (ZUNG \u2265 36).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980020004139_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gaborone, Botswana.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980020004139_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients who were newly diagnosed with TB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980020004139_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between January and December 2019, we enrolled 180 TB patients from primary health clinics in Botswana. Overall, 99 (55\u00b70 %) were HIV positive, 47 (26\u00b71 %), 85 (47\u00b72 %) and 69 (38\u00b75 %) indicated depression, anxiety and moderate to severe food insecurity, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, food insecurity was associated with a higher prevalence of depression (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 2\u00b730; 95 % CI 1\u00b740, 3\u00b778) and anxiety (aPR = 1\u00b741; 95 % CI 1\u00b705, 1\u00b791). Prevalence of depression and anxiety was similar between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected participants. Estimates remained comparable when restricted to HIV-infected participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980020004139_as6\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mental disorders may be affected by food insecurity among new TB patients, regardless of HIV status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980020004139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T03:33:03Z","timestamp":1603078383000},"page":"913-921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The association of household food insecurity and HIV infection with common mental disorders among newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients in Botswana"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Qiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mbatshi","family":"Dima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Ho-Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keneilwe","family":"Molebatsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chawangwa","family":"Modongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola M","family":"Zetola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanghyuk S","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy675"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0598-3"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with HIV\/AIDS","volume":"157","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref22","volume-title":"Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for Measurement of Household Food Access: Indicator Guide (v.3)","author":"Coates","year":"2007"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.16.0584"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref9","unstructured":"9. United States Department of Agriculture (2019) Food security in the U.S. https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/topics\/food-nutrition-assistance\/food-security-in-the-us\/ (accessed February 2020)."},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref3","first-page":"489865","article-title":"Psychiatric morbidity and other factors affecting treatment adherence in pulmonary tuberculosis patients","volume":"2013","author":"Pachi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tuberc Res Treat"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref5","unstructured":"5. World Health Organization (2015) Implementing the End TB Strategy: the essentials. https:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/publications\/2015\/The_Essentials_to_End_TB\/en\/ (accessed February 2020)."},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03670240903001167"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref15","unstructured":"15. World Health Organization (2011) Mental Health Atlas 2011. https:\/\/www.who.int\/mental_health\/evidence\/atlas\/profiles\/bwa_mh_profile.pdf?ua=1 (accessed February 2020)."},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref10","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Food and Nutrition Security in Southern African Cities","author":"Caesar","year":"2017"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1231-4"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2016.11.002"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S208361"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00308"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref16","volume-title":"The State of Food Insecurity in Gaborone, Botswana","author":"Acquah","year":"2013"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00193413"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref8","unstructured":"8. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2019) The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2019. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/state-of-food-security-nutrition\/en\/ (accessed February 2020)."},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref4","first-page":"11","article-title":"Performance of national tuberculosis programme during 1996\u2014a report","volume":"46","author":"Suryanarayana","year":"1999","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/phcfm.v9i1.1270"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302480"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2017.04.008"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01316"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref23","volume-title":"How Do Different Indicators of Household Food Security Compare? Empirical Evidence from Tigray","author":"Maxwell","year":"2013"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref18","unstructured":"18. Botswana Ministry of Health (2007) The Botswana National Tuberculosis Programme Manual. https:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/pub\/guidelines\/botswana_tb.pdf (accessed February 2020)."},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0149-3"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(71)71479-0"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-12-89"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh090"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.199414"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref17","unstructured":"17. Food and Agriculture Organization of the Union Nations (2019) FAO statistical yearbook. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/-country\/20 (accessed February 2020)."},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref12","unstructured":"12. World Health Organization (2018) Global tuberculosis report 2018. https:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/publications\/global_report\/en\/ (accessed February 2020)."},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.42391","article-title":"Understanding nutrition, depression and mental illnesses","volume":"50","author":"Rao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S1368980020004139_ref6","first-page":"1178632917694350","article-title":"Mental health service provision in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"10","author":"Rathod","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Serv Insights"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980020004139","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T06:21:27Z","timestamp":1651558887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980020004139\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980020004139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980020004139","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.08.15.20175315","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}