{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:01:56Z","timestamp":1778544116738,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603670400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980020004309_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To measure the prevalence of food insecurity and explore related characteristics and behaviours among people who inject drugs (PWID).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980020004309_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional analysis of a community-based programme for HIV infection among PWID (ARISTOTLE programme). Food insecurity was measured by the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Computer-assisted interviews and blood samples were also collected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980020004309_as3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A fixed location in Athens Metropolitan Area, Greece, during 2012\u20132013.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980020004309_as4\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 2834 unique participants with history of injecting drug use in the past 12 months were recruited over four respondent-driven sampling rounds (approximately 1400\/round).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980020004309_as5\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>More than 50 % of PWID were severely or moderately food insecure across all rounds. PWID were more likely to be severely food insecure if they were older than 40 years [adjusted OR (aOR): 1\u00b771, 95 % CI: 1\u00b733\u20132\u00b719], were women (aOR: 1\u00b749, 95 % CI: 1\u00b717\u20131\u00b789), from Middle East countries (aOR <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. from Greece: 1\u00b780, 95 % CI: 1\u00b704\u20133\u00b711), had a lower educational level (primary or secondary school <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. higher education; aOR: 1\u00b754, 95 % CI: 1\u00b729\u20131\u00b784), had no current health insurance (aOR: 1\u00b745, 95 % CI: 1\u00b721\u20131\u00b773), were homeless (aOR: 17\u00b71, 95 % CI: 12\u00b73\u201323\u00b78) or were living with another drug user (aOR: 1\u00b755, 95 % CI: 1\u00b726\u20131\u00b791) as compared with those living alone or with family\/friends. HIV-infected PWID were more likely to be severely food insecure compared with uninfected (59\u00b70 % <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. 51\u00b70 %, respectively, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b7002); however, this difference was attributed to the confounding effect of homelessness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980020004309_as6\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Moderate\/severe food insecurity was a significant problem, reaching &gt; 50 % in this sample of PWID and closely related to socio-demographic characteristics and especially homelessness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980020004309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T08:18:12Z","timestamp":1603700292000},"page":"813-818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Food insecurity among people who inject drugs in Athens, Greece: a study in the context of ARISTOTLE programme"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Vana","family":"Sypsa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Flounzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sotirios","family":"Roussos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelos","family":"Hatzakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0415-0386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassiliki","family":"Benetou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980020004309_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3096941"},{"key":"S1368980020004309_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-5-20"},{"key":"S1368980020004309_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-016-9812-x"},{"key":"S1368980020004309_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30325-5"},{"key":"S1368980020004309_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.012070"},{"key":"S1368980020004309_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e576842013-001"},{"key":"S1368980020004309_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0081-1750.2004.00152.x"},{"key":"S1368980020004309_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301656"},{"key":"S1368980020004309_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-009-9597-z"},{"key":"S1368980020004309_ref9","volume-title":"HIV\/AIDS and Food and Nutrition Security: from Evidence to Action","author":"Gillespie","year":"2005"},{"key":"S1368980020004309_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30375-3"},{"key":"S1368980020004309_ref17","first-page":"1496","article-title":"Rapid decline in HIV incidence among persons who inject drugs during a fast-track combination prevention program after an HIV outbreak in Athens","volume":"215","author":"Sypsa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"S1368980020004309_ref4","unstructured":"4. 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