{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T11:52:47Z","timestamp":1774439567973,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630022400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021003700_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the prevalence of and factors associated with different forms of household-level double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in Ethiopia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021003700_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We defined DBM using anthropometric measures for adult overweight (BMI \u2265 25 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), child stunting (height-for-age <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>-score &lt;-2 <jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>) and overweight (weight-for-height <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>-score \u22652 <jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>). We considered sixteen biological, environmental, behavioural and socio-demographic factors. Their association with DBM forms was assessed using generalised linear models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021003700_as3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used data from two cross-sectional studies in an urban (Addis Ababa, January\u2013February 2018), and rural setting (Kersa District, June\u2013September 2019).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021003700_as4\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five hundred ninety-two urban and 862 rural households with an adult man, adult woman and child &lt;5 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021003700_as5\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Addis Ababa, overweight adult and stunted child was the most prevalent DBM form (9 % (95 % CI 7, 12)). Duration of residence in Addis Ababa (adjusted OR (aOR) 1\u00b703 (95 % CI 1\u00b700, 1\u00b706)), Orthodox Christianity (aOR 1\u00b797 (95 % CI 1\u00b701, 3\u00b785)) and household size (aOR 1\u00b724 (95 % CI 1\u00b701, 1\u00b754)) were associated factors. In Kersa, concurrent child overweight and stunting was the most prevalent DBM form (11 % (95 % CI 9, 14)). Housing quality (aOR 0\u00b733 (95 % CI 0\u00b720, 0\u00b753)), household wealth (aOR 1\u00b792 (95 % CI 1\u00b718, 3\u00b711) and sanitation (aOR 2\u00b708 (95 % CI 1\u00b707, 4\u00b704)) were associated factors. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, only housing quality remained a significant factor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021003700_as6\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>DBM prevalence was low among urban and rural Ethiopian households. Environmental, socio-economic and demographic factors emerged as potential associated factors. However, we observed no common associated factors among urban and rural households.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980021003700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T07:14:09Z","timestamp":1630048449000},"page":"6354-6368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Household-level double burden of malnutrition in Ethiopia: a comparison of Addis Ababa and the rural district of Kersa"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2084-1141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilia","family":"Bliznashka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5915-099X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mia M","family":"Blakstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yemane","family":"Berhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amare W","family":"Tadesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0341-2329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nega","family":"Assefa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Goodarz","family":"Danaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chelsey R","family":"Canavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena C","family":"Hemler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wafaie W","family":"Fawzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980021003700_ref13","first-page":"1","article-title":"The double burden of malnutrition: aetiological pathways and consequences for health","volume":"6736","author":"Wells","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S1368980021003700_ref30","volume-title":"Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for Measurement of Food Access: Indicator Guide (V. 3)","author":"Coates","year":"2007"},{"key":"S1368980021003700_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy092"},{"key":"S1368980021003700_ref1","unstructured":"1. 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