{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T03:09:35Z","timestamp":1782356975955,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639094400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021004766_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outdoor advertisements for food and drink products form a large part of the food environment and they disproportionately promote unhealthy products. However, less is known about the social patterning of such advertisements. The main aim of this study was to explore the socio-economic patterning of food and drink advertising at bus stops in Scotland\u2019s capital city, Edinburgh.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021004766_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bus stop advertisements were audited to identify food\/drink adverts and classify them by food\/drink category (i.e. \u2018advert category\u2019). This data were then linked to area-based deprivation and proximity measures. Neighbourhood deprivation was measured using the bus stop <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic> co-ordinates, which were converted to postcodes to identify the matching 2012 deprivation level via the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation. Distance to schools and leisure centres were also collected using location data. Generalised estimating equations and linear regression analyses were used to assess associations between the promotion of advert categories and deprivation and proximity to schools\/leisure centres, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021004766_as3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Edinburgh city, United Kingdom.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021004766_as4\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>561 food\/drink advertisements were identified across 349 bus stops, with 8 advertisement categories noted and included in the final analysis, including alcohol, fast food outlets and confectionary. The majority of adverts were for \u2018unhealthy\u2019 food and drink categories, however there was no evidence for any socio-economic patterning of these advertisements. There was no evidence of a relationship between advertisements and proximity to schools and leisure centres.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980021004766_as5\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>While there is no evidence for food and drink advertising being patterned by neighbourhood deprivation, the scale of unhealthy advertising is an area for policy evaluations and interventions on the control of such outdoor advertising.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980021004766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T02:20:28Z","timestamp":1639102828000},"page":"1131-1139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Socio-economic patterning of food and drink advertising at public transport stops in Edinburgh, UK"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1962-5874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tony","family":"Robertson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Jepson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Lambe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8759-8671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukar E","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2012.04.017"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref14","first-page":"21","article-title":"A comparison of the effectiveness of perimeter and outdoor advertising","volume":"5","author":"Walliser","year":"1997","journal-title":"Asia Austr Mark J"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref37","unstructured":"37. Greater London Authority (2018) TfL Junk Food Ads Ban Will Tackle Child Obesity. https:\/\/www.london.gov.uk\/what-we-do\/communities\/food\/tfl-junk-food-ads-ban-will-tackle-child-obesity (accessed November 2021)."},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref11","unstructured":"11. Department of Health and Social Care (2021) Introducing Further Advertising Restrictions on TV and Online for Products High in Fat, Salt and Sugar: Government Response. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/consultations\/further-advertising-restrictions-for-products-high-in-fat-salt-and-sugar\/outcome\/introducing-further-advertising-restrictions-on-tv-and-online-for-products-high-in-fat-salt-and-sugar-government-response (accessed October 2021)."},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4433-2"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2021.102535"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref29","volume-title":"City of Edinburgh Health and Wellbeing Profiles \u2013 Key Indicators and Overview","author":"Millard","year":"2016"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-6-52"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08111140701697610"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50088-2"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref1","volume-title":"Foresight Tackling Obesities: Future Choices \u2013 Project Report","author":"Butland","year":"2007"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2013.09.015"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref32","unstructured":"32. Ordnance Survey (2020) OS OpenData. https:\/\/www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk\/opendatadownload\/products.html (accessed March 2020)."},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2009.02.014"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/HE12073"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref10","volume-title":"UK Tobacco Advertising and Promotion","year":"2019"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref28","unstructured":"28. National Records for Scotland (2019) City of Edinburgh Council Area Profile. https:\/\/www.nrscotland.gov.uk\/files\/statistics\/council-area-data-sheets\/city-of-edinburgh-council-profile.html (accessed March 2020)."},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxp005"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp221"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref26","volume-title":"Transport and Travel in Scotland 2019: Results from the Scottish Household Survey","year":"2020"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2008.00303.x"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0009.2009.00551.x"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref16","first-page":"64","article-title":"Factors influencing recall of outdoor advertising","volume":"33","author":"Donthu","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Advert Res"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4677"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980010003332"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014399"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref13","first-page":"212","volume-title":"Principles of Marketing","author":"Kotler","year":"2012"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2012.00518.x"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref31","unstructured":"31. Scottish Government (2018) School Contact Details. https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/Topics\/Statistics\/Browse\/School-Education\/Datasets\/contactdetails (accessed March 2020)."},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2008.00303.x"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12257"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref15","first-page":"7","article-title":"Sales response to outdoor advertising","volume":"39","author":"Bhargava","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Advert Res"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref24","first-page":"U1556","article-title":"Advertising and availability of \u2018obesogenic\u2019 foods around New Zealand secondary schools: a pilot study","volume":"118","author":"Maher","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-009-9120-9"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-016-0403-9"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref33","unstructured":"33. Ordance Survey (2021) Change to Ordance Survey. https:\/\/www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk\/ (accessed November 2021)."},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hpja.55"},{"key":"S1368980021004766_ref38","unstructured":"38. Scottish Government (2019) Reducing Health Harms of Foods High in Fat, Sugar or Salt. https:\/\/consult.gov.scot\/health-and-social-care\/reducing-health-harms-of-foods\/ (accessed November 2021)."}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980021004766","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T10:26:46Z","timestamp":1651573606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980021004766\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980021004766"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980021004766","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}