{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T13:42:32Z","timestamp":1775050952279,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022000222_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report on vitamin D status, measured as plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (25(OH)D), the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency, and to explore associations between vitamin D status and background characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022000222_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were collected in a National Dietary Survey, Riksmaten adolescents 2016\u20132017. The participants completed dietary assessments and questionnaires on the web and wore accelerometers. (25(OH)D) was measured with a MS method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022000222_as3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Representative survey conducted in schools throughout Sweden.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022000222_as4\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants attended school years 5 (Y5, mean age 12. 5 years), 8 (Y8, mean age 14. 5 years) and 11 (Y11, mean age 18 years), and included 1100 participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022000222_as5\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, there was no difference in plasma 25(OH)D between girls and boys. Vitamin D insufficiency differed between the three school years. The prevalence of insufficiency in Y5 was 32 (boys) and 48 (girls) percent, while in Y11 62 (boys) and 43 (girls) percent. The prevalence of deficiency in Y11 was 16 and 15 % in boys and girls, respectively. Being born outside of Sweden was associated with a 10-fold increased risk of being vitamin D deficient. Deficiency was also associated with longer time spent in sedentary intensity, a lower consumption of fortified dairy products and fats and oils.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022000222_as6\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency was most common in the oldest age group and being born outside of Sweden increased the risk of being deficient. The present study will form a baseline for future follow-up studies of the implementation of a new mandatory vitamin D fortification policy in 2018.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980022000222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T08:57:59Z","timestamp":1643014679000},"page":"1427-1437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Vitamin D status and associations with diet, objectively measured physical activity patterns and background characteristics among adolescents in a representative national cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0149-452X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Warensj\u00f6 Lemming","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Petrelius Sipinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gisela","family":"Nyberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5479-4948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lotta","family":"Moraeus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Karin","family":"Lindroos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.120394"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517002021"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10417"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2005801"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-021-00880-y"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180512"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29219\/fnr.v62.1381"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-6310.2012.00064.x"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2007.00694.x"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2011.92"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318206476e"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15251"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15081624"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2748"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4761"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494819896878"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001028"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz037"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.039222"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.30176"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref26","volume-title":"Riksmaten ungom 2016\u20132017. Del 1. LIVSMEDELSKONSUMTION bland ungdomar i \u00e5k 5, \u00e5k 8 och \u00e5k 2 p\u00e5 gymnasiet. Livsmedelsverkets rapportserie no. 14","author":"Warensj\u00f6 Lemming","year":"2018"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref33","volume-title":"LIVSFS 2018:5 Livsmedelsverkets f\u00f6reskrifter om berikning av vissa livsmedel (Regulation on Fortification of Certian Foods)","year":"2018"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref4","unstructured":"4. Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (2016) Vitamin D and Health. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/groups\/scientific-advisory-committee-on-nutrition (accessed April 2021)."},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1401-y"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref1","volume-title":"Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012: Integrating Nutrition and Physical Activity","year":"2014"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9090945"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref10","author":"Warensj\u00f6 Lemming","year":"2018"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980019004671"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2020.40"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/12572"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801376"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.151415","article-title":"The positive impact of general vitamin D food fortification policy on vitamin D status in a representative adult Finnish population: evidence from an 11-year follow-up based on standardized 25-hydroxyvitamin D data","volume":"105","author":"J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.12.028"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410802334196"},{"key":"S1368980022000222_ref17","first-page":"569","article-title":"Critical evaluation of energy intake data using fundamental principles of energy physiology: 1. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}