{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T21:01:50Z","timestamp":1763499710512,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644192000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022000325_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in children and associated risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022000325_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis of data from a cross-sectional multicentre study performed in the primary care units of the municipalities from January to June 2015. The children\u2019s legal guardians answered a socio-economic questionnaire, and the children\u2019s blood samples were obtained by venipuncture. Plasma retinol was determined by HPLC. Plasma retinol values of &lt;0\u00b770 \u03bcmol\/l were considered VDA. Poisson multiple regression with robust variance was used. Values of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b705 were considered significant. The data were analysed in the SPSS software, 21.0.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022000325_as3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty-eight poorest municipalities in the South Region of Brazil.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022000325_as6\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 1503) aged 12\u201359 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022000325_as4\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of VAD in the sample was 1\u00b79 % (95 % CI (0\u00b75, 6\u00b78)). The following risk factors were associated with the outcome in the final explanatory model: family received Bolsa Familia program benefits (PR = 3\u00b719; 95 % CI (1\u00b769, 6\u00b702)), child was not being breastfed (PR = 5\u00b722; 95 % CI (1\u00b768, 16\u00b718)) and stunting (PR = 4\u00b775; 95 % CI (2\u00b710, 10\u00b773)).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022000325_as5\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>VAD did not represent a public health problem for children living in socio-economically vulnerable municipalities in the South Region of Brazil, suggesting a new panorama of this nutritional deficiency even in regions of low socio-economic conditions in these three states. Thus, in view of the current nutritional transition scenario, it is necessary to continuously monitor and improve public policies related to vitamin A supplementation in the country.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980022000325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T07:02:16Z","timestamp":1644217336000},"page":"132-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Vitamin A deficiency and associated risk factors in children aged 12\u201359 months living in poorest municipalities in the South Region of Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9733-9486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila","family":"Dallazen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela Cardoso","family":"Tietzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara Ara\u00fajo","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2650-4878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Augusto Fernandes","family":"Nilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6893-8263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian Siqueira Santos","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regina Maria Ferreira","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2257-9899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra Patricia","family":"Crispim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2256-7222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00falia Dubois","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Solange Cristina","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia Regina","family":"V\u00edtolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref40","first-page":"144","article-title":"Micronutrient status and its relationship with nutritional status in preschool children in urban Sri Lanka","volume":"24","author":"Marasinghe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"volume-title":"Vitamin and Mineral Requirements in Human Nutrition. Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Consultation on Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirements","year":"2004","key":"S1368980022000325_ref48"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980019003136"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref16","first-page":"e00202816","article-title":"Introduction of inappropriate complementary feeding in the first year of life and associated factors in children with low socioeconomic status","volume":"34","author":"Dallazen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-29-1-20"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90819-2"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311X00153414"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref10","first-page":"e00066917","article-title":"Trends and factors associated with food insecurity in Brazil: the national household sample survey, 2004, 2009, and 2013","volume":"34","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref14","unstructured":"14. Brazil Ministry of Social and Agrarian Development (2020) Social Information Report. The Brazil Without Poverty Plan in your State. https:\/\/aplicacoes.mds.gov.br\/sagi\/RIv3\/geral\/index.php (accessed August 2020)."},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10081100"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311X00036013"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/isbn.978-3-318-02144-8"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-81232013001100027"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.11.4010S"},{"volume-title":"Operational Manual of the National Program of Vitamin A Supplementation","year":"2013","key":"S1368980022000325_ref12"},{"volume-title":"WHO Child Growth Standards: Training Course on Child Growth Assessment","year":"2008","key":"S1368980022000325_ref18"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233615"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref47","first-page":"703","article-title":"Breast-milk vitamin A as an indicator of the vitamin A status of women and infants","volume":"73","author":"Stoltzfus","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"volume-title":"Guideline: Vitamin A Supplementation in Infants and Children 6\u201359 Months of Age","year":"2011","key":"S1368980022000325_ref3"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-5497201500020016"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref13","unstructured":"13. Brazil (2011) Decree No. 7,492, of June 2, 2011: Institutes the Brazil Without Poverty Plan Brasilia. http:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/_ato20112014\/2011\/Decreto\/D7492.htt (accessed September 2020)."},{"volume-title":"Bolsa Fam\u00edlia Program \u2013 A Decade of Social Inclusion in Brazil","year":"2014","author":"Campello","key":"S1368980022000325_ref8"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref15","unstructured":"15. Brazil Ministry of Social Development (2014) The Brazil Without Poverty Plan in your State. http:\/\/aplicacoes.mds.gov.br\/sagirmps\/ferramentas\/nucleo\/grupo.php?id_grupo=78 (accessed August 2014)."},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311x00243418"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2012.01.004"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref49","unstructured":"49. Brazil Ministry of Health (2021) Brazilian Breastfeeding and Feeding Strategy. https:\/\/aps.saude.gov.br\/ape\/promocaosaude\/amamenta (accessed October 2021)."},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1519-38292013000300004"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/26.1.224"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.9.2867S"},{"volume-title":"WHO Child Growth Standards: Length\/Height-for-Age, Weight-for-Age, Weight-for-Length, Weight-for-Height and Body Mass Index-for-Age: Methods and Development","year":"2006","key":"S1368980022000325_ref19"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60138-4"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232015215.20712014"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60715-1"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3486-y"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-016-0587-9"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.043497"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-81232013001100023"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12206"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-315242"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-50532012005000001"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-8910.2013047002906"},{"volume-title":"Indicators for Assessing Vitamin A Deficiency and their Application in Monitoring and Evaluating Intervention Programmes","year":"1996","key":"S1368980022000325_ref21"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232014194.00602013"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980018001982"},{"volume-title":"Global Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency in Populations at Risk 1995\u20132005","year":"2009","key":"S1368980022000325_ref1"},{"volume-title":"National Survey on Demography and Health of Women and Children \u2013 PNDS 2006. Dimensions of the Reproductive Process and Child Health","year":"2009","key":"S1368980022000325_ref2"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S136898001100214X"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-698X-14-10"},{"key":"S1368980022000325_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00039-X"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980022000325","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T05:12:42Z","timestamp":1692162762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980022000325\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980022000325"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980022000325","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1368-9800"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1475-2727"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}