{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T04:26:13Z","timestamp":1692246373360},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001276_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examines the individual and combined association of BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with CVD risk using genetic scores of the obesity measurements as proxies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001276_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 2 \u00d7 2 factorial analysis approach was applied, with participants divided into four groups of lifetime exposure to low BMI and WHR, high BMI, high WHR, and high BMI and WHR based on weighted genetic risk scores. The difference in CVD risk across groups was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001276_as3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001276_as4\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 408 003 participants were included from the prospective observational UK Biobank study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001276_as5\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 58 429 CVD events were recorded. Compared to the low BMI and WHR genetic scores group, higher BMI or higher WHR genetic scores were associated with an increase in CVD risk (high WHR: OR, 1\u00b707; 95 % CI (1\u00b704, 1\u00b710)); high BMI: OR, 1\u00b712; 95 % CI (1\u00b709, 1\u00b716). A weak additive effect on CVD risk was found between BMI and WHR (high BMI and WHR: OR, 1\u00b716; 95 % CI (1\u00b712, 1\u00b719)). Subgroup analysis showed similar patterns between different sex, age (&lt;65, \u226565 years old), smoking status, Townsend deprivation index, fasting glucose level and medication uses, but lower systolic blood pressure was associated with higher CVD risk in obese participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001276_as6\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>High BMI and WHR were associated with increased CVD risk, and their effects are weakly additive. Even though there were overlapping of effect, both BMI and WHR are important in assessing the CVD risk in the general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980022001276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T10:09:57Z","timestamp":1653646197000},"page":"416-424","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of genetic variants related to combined exposure to higher BMI and waist-to-hip ratio on lifelong cardiovascular risk in UK Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Eric Yuk Fai","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wing Tung","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther Yee Tak","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Will Ho Gi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kam Suen","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther Wai Yin","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian Chi Kei","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cindy Lo Kuen","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref1","unstructured":"1. WHO (2020) Obesity and Overweight. Fact Sheets. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/obesity-and-overweight (accessed October 2020)."},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-017-0586-3"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01103-7"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61343-9"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0579-z"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.645"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv094"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60105-0","article-title":"Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity with cardiovascular disease: collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies","volume":"377","author":"Wormser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxm004"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.10.035"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2525"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26698"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803051"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001212"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref32","first-page":"2379","article-title":"The value and limitations of the body mass index (BMI) in the assessment of the health risks of overweight and obesity","volume":"148","author":"Kok","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneesk"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.6.883"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.21042"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.664"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4601.099487"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199209000-00012"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.10.1.22"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1971"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.772707"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.92"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602656"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008405"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.576967"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17018-9"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2013.12.014"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1998.tb00369.x"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.72.1.53"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-021-05484-6"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14132"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.887521"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.2.703"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.5.841"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref37","first-page":"77","article-title":"Intra-abdominal obesity: an untreated risk factor for Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease","volume":"29","author":"Despres","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103483"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437739.71477.ee"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.17.4.553"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03404221"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy327"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.307301"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.67.5.968"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2016.5804"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60318-4"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e318233bc6a"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.113905"},{"key":"S1368980022001276_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614362"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980022001276","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T05:13:47Z","timestamp":1692162827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980022001276\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980022001276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980022001276","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}