{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T18:59:09Z","timestamp":1788461949485,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001331_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tobacco consumption among low- and middle-income countries where food insecurity remains a challenge poses several concerns. This review examines the available global evidence linking smokeless tobacco (SLT) use with public health nutrition and its implications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001331_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systematic review of articles extracted from PubMed and Scopus from January 2000 to December 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001331_as3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Included studies that demonstrated the relationship between SLT and nutrition-related factors, that is, BMI, malnutrition, anaemia, poor birth outcomes and metabolic disorders. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines have been followed to conduct the systematic evidence review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001331_as4\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of thirty-four studies were finally used in the systematic review, which included cross-sectional (thirty-one) and cohort (three).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001331_as5\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>SLT use has a huge impact on body weight, alteration in taste, poor oral health, and consumption of fruits and vegetables leading to malnutrition. Maternal use of SLT not only leads to anaemia but also hampers birth outcomes. Increased risk of metabolic syndrome and gallstone disease among SLT users are also well documented in the studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001331_as6\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The review highlights the linkages between SLT usage and poor nutritional outcomes. Tobacco control efforts should be convergent with public health nutrition to achieve overall health benefits. Attention is also required to explore suitable mechanisms for SLT cessation combined with enhancing food and nutrition security at the community level in sync with investments in public health nutrition intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980022001331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T03:09:28Z","timestamp":1653620968000},"page":"46-55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Smokeless tobacco use and public health nutrition: a global systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9588-2055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shikha","family":"Saxena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashant Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2590-6135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucky","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shekhar","family":"Kashyap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalini","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980022001331_ref37","first-page":"836","article-title":"The evaluation of bone mineral density based on nutritional status, age, and anthropometric parameters in elderly women","volume":"42","author":"Violeta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"S1368980022001331_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200500056317"},{"key":"S1368980022001331_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare7040162"},{"key":"S1368980022001331_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm293"},{"key":"S1368980022001331_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043-017-0100-6"},{"key":"S1368980022001331_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539510392743"},{"key":"S1368980022001331_ref18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Association of adult tobacco use with household food access insecurity: results from Nepal demographic and health survey, 2011","volume":"18","author":"Sreeramareddy","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"S1368980022001331_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2001.00917.x"},{"key":"S1368980022001331_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph9020564"},{"key":"S1368980022001331_ref10","first-page":"72","volume-title":"Digestive Diseases","author":"Cosnes","year":"2016"},{"key":"S1368980022001331_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18332\/tpc\/105599"},{"key":"S1368980022001331_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-012-0065-5"},{"key":"S1368980022001331_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08700-x"},{"key":"S1368980022001331_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2018.1467588"},{"key":"S1368980022001331_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.022"},{"key":"S1368980022001331_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38113.687882.EB"},{"key":"S1368980022001331_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijcm.IJCM_39_19"},{"key":"S1368980022001331_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. 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