{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T21:07:43Z","timestamp":1787951263634,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661126400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001811_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify the corporate political activity (CPA) strategies used by food industry actors during the development of two public health nutrition policies in Central America: Law #570 (taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages) in Panama and Bill #5504 (labelling and food marketing regulations) in Guatemala.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001811_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We triangulated data from publicly available information from 2018 to 2020, (e.g. industry and government materials; social media material) with semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001811_as3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Guatemala and Panama.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001811_as4\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Government, academia and international organisations workers in health and nutrition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001811_as5\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>CPA strategies were categorised according to an existing internationally used taxonomy into action-based, instrumental strategies (coalition management, information management, direct involvement and influence in policy, legal action) and discursive strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001811_as6\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Instrumental strategies included the establishment of relationships with policymakers and direct lobbying against the proposed public policies. Discursive strategies were mainly criticising on the unfounded ground that they lacked evidence of effectiveness and will imply negative impacts on the economy. The industry pointed at individuals for making their own food choices, in order to shift the focus away from the role of its products in contributing to ill health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980022001811_as7\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We provide evidence of the political practices used by the food industry to interfere with the development and implementation of public health nutrition policies to improve diets in Central America. Policymakers, public health advocates and the public should be informed about those practices and develop counterstrategies and arguments to protect the public and policies from the vested interests of the food industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980022001811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T08:26:41Z","timestamp":1661156801000},"page":"3252-3264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Two countries, similar practices: the political practices of the food industry influencing the adoption of key public health nutrition policies in Guatemala and Panama"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8631-3101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria F","family":"Kroker-Lobos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes Anal\u00ed","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Zea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Vandevijvere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Champagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9883-6441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Mialon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980022001811_ref39","first-page":"9","article-title":"Arguments used by trade associations during the early development of a new front-of-pack nutrition labelling system in Brazil","volume":"2018","author":"Mialon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980022001811_ref43","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Building Momentum: Lessons on Implementing a Robust Front-of-Pack Food Label","year":"2019"},{"key":"S1368980022001811_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1079"},{"key":"S1368980022001811_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003015"},{"key":"S1368980022001811_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-020-00631-x"},{"key":"S1368980022001811_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12758"},{"key":"S1368980022001811_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32225-6"},{"key":"S1368980022001811_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12289"},{"key":"S1368980022001811_ref38","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u2018I had never seen so many lobbyists\u2019: food industry political practices during the development of a new nutrition front-of-pack labelling system in Colombia","volume":"24","author":"Mialon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980022001811_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw319"},{"key":"S1368980022001811_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12639","article-title":"\u2018Maximising shareholder value\u2019: a detailed insight into the corporate political activity of the Australian food industry","volume":"41","author":"Mialon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"S1368980022001811_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61514-0"},{"key":"S1368980022001811_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311x00085220"},{"key":"S1368980022001811_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2014.08.001"},{"key":"S1368980022001811_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2018.05469"},{"key":"S1368980022001811_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12694"},{"key":"S1368980022001811_ref16","year":"2018"},{"key":"S1368980022001811_ref24","unstructured":"24. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}