{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:49:13Z","timestamp":1790866153706,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691971200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980023001490_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify the optimal weight gain at the end of the second trimester.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980023001490_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a population-based cohort study from the antenatal care system in Tianjin, China. We calculated gestational weight gain (GWG) based on the weight measured in the first trimester and the end of the second trimester. Restricted cubic spline analysis was performed to model the possible non-linear relationships between GWG and adverse outcomes. The optimal GWG was defined as the value of the lowest risk. Non-inferiority margins and the shape of the spline curves identified the recommended ranges in Chinese-specific BMI categories.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980023001490_as3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tianjin Maternal and Child Health Cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980023001490_as4\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Singleton pregnant women aged 18\u201345 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980023001490_as5\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 69 859 pregnant women were included. Adverse outcome (including stillbirth, preterm birth, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, small and large for gestational age) was significantly associated with GWG at the end of the second trimester. The risk score was non-linearly correlated with GWG in the underweight, normal weight and overweight groups. GWG at the end of the second trimester should not be &lt; 7 kg in underweight group. For most normal-weight women, a GWG of about 8 kg is optimal. Pregnant women who are overweight should not have a GWG of more than 9 kg. We advised women with overweight and obesity to keep positive growth of GWG (&gt; 0 kg) in the first and second trimesters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980023001490_as6\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to the comprehensive adverse maternal and infant outcomes, we recommend the optimal GWG at the end of the second trimester. This study may provide a considerable reference for weight management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980023001490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T09:46:44Z","timestamp":1692006404000},"page":"2005-2013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Identifying optimal ranges of weight gain at the end of the second trimester result from a population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2260-6997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangyan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baocheng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhong","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980023001490_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-022-00203-5"},{"key":"S1368980023001490_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15661","article-title":"Impact of maternal body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy complications: an individual participant data meta-analysis of European, North American and Australian cohorts","volume":"8","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"S1368980023001490_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.085258"},{"key":"S1368980023001490_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13056","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13056","article-title":"Minimization of bias in measures of gestational weight gain","volume":"10","author":"Stamm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"S1368980023001490_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18147702"},{"key":"S1368980023001490_ref3","first-page":"1702","article-title":"Association of gestational weight gain with adverse maternal and infant outcomes","volume":"17","author":"Voerman","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"S1368980023001490_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.3635"},{"key":"S1368980023001490_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.10.1152"},{"key":"S1368980023001490_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S374427"},{"key":"S1368980023001490_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7048.36"},{"key":"S1368980023001490_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280210378945"},{"key":"S1368980023001490_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12741"},{"key":"S1368980023001490_ref10","article-title":"Association of trimester-specific gestational weight gain with fetal growth, offspring obesity, and cardiometabolic traits in early childhood","volume":"4","author":"Karachaliou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"S1368980023001490_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f5891"},{"key":"S1368980023001490_ref13","first-page":"97","article-title":"Chinese neonatal birth weight curve for different gestational age","volume":"2","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin J Pediatr"},{"key":"S1368980023001490_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016341003801706"},{"key":"S1368980023001490_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1128-1"},{"key":"S1368980023001490_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980021001622"},{"key":"S1368980023001490_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k2575"},{"key":"S1368980023001490_ref6","volume-title":"Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980023001490","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T08:51:27Z","timestamp":1707209487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980023001490\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980023001490"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980023001490","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}