{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T20:43:16Z","timestamp":1793220196839,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698278400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980023002227_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the uptake of universal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy, its effectiveness in preventing vitamin D deficiency and the factors associated with these.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980023002227_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The regional public health organisation in Ayrshire, Scotland has a policy of universal provision of vitamin D supplements (10 \u00b5g\/d) to all pregnant women for the duration of their pregnancy. Pregnant women in this area were recruited at their 12-week antenatal appointment. Blood samples were collected at the 12-week and 34-week appointments. To account for the seasonal variation, women were recruited in two cohorts: summer and winter. Telephone interviews were conducted at 34 weeks to assess the uptake of vitamin D supplements during pregnancy. Other variables were obtained from medical records.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980023002227_as3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was conducted in the NHS Ayrshire and Arran Health Board in Scotland.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980023002227_as4\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>612 pregnant women (aged 15\u201344 years) living in Ayrshire (latitude 55\u00b0), Scotland.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980023002227_as5\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty-six percentage took supplementation as recommended. Consumption of supplementation was significantly associated with a higher median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations at 34 weeks. Despite this at 34 weeks, 33 % of the summer cohort had insufficient or deficient vitamin D status, while 15 % of the winter cohort had insufficient or deficient status. In multivariable analysis, only adherence and season were independent predictors of vitamin D status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980023002227_as6\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>While supplementation improved and maintained vitamin D status during pregnancy, it was not adequate to ensure all those insufficient at 12 weeks achieved sufficient status at the end of pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980023002227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T08:13:36Z","timestamp":1698308016000},"page":"3311-3319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["How effective is public health policy in Scotland on vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy?"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ruth","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1200-7504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Curran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Hayward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Godwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Collier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref17","unstructured":"17. Purdon, G , Comrie, F , Rutherford, L , et al. (2013) Vitamin D Status of Scottish adults: Results from the 2010, 2011 Scottish Health Surveys (Internet). Scottish Government; 2013 September. https:\/\/www.foodstandards.gov.scot\/downloads\/Report_Final.pdf (accessed April 2021)."},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2012.01283.x"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13022"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref7","first-page":"118","article-title":"Vitamin D: the \u2018sunshine\u2019 vitamin","volume":"3","author":"Nair","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Pharmacother"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03403.x"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2602"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref27","unstructured":"27. Scottish Government (2021) Vitamin D: Advice for All Age Groups (Internet). 2021 September. https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/publications\/vitamin-d-advice-for-all-age-groups\/ (accessed March 2022)."},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12147"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.0302"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7053427"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref19","unstructured":"19. Scottish Government Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2016 (Internet) (2016). https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/collections\/scottish-index-of-multiple-deprivation-2020\/ (accessed April 2021)."},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2016.02.008"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref21","article-title":"Prevalence of suboptimal vitamin D status during pregnancy","volume":"101","author":"O\u2019Riordan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511004995"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0172-7"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref18","unstructured":"18. Scottish Government (2016) A Plan for Scotland: the Scottish Government\u2019s Programme for Scotland 2016\u20132017. https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/publications\/plan-scotland-scottish-governments-programme-scotland-2016-17\/ (accessed March 2022)."},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)67922-1"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980019005251"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta18450"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.463"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2008.00100.x"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2869"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.02.019"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512002255"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref3","first-page":"104","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and its impact on the fetus, the newborn and in childhood","volume":"33","author":"Urrutia-Pereira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Paul Pediatr"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03889-0"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-013-9241-0"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f1169"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1154"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12210"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.010"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(86)80396-1"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1465328111Y.0000000024"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060518792783"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.765849"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-019-0769-7"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2019.1669012"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref39","first-page":"443","article-title":"Vitamin D and extra-skeletal health: causality or consequence","volume":"10","author":"Al Nozha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci"},{"key":"S1368980023002227_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2019.07.002"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980023002227","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T02:28:33Z","timestamp":1703039313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980023002227\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980023002227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980023002227","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}