{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T04:03:23Z","timestamp":1749096203879,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":154,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980024001320_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We investigated vitamin D (VitD) nutritional status in children aged 2\u20136 years to provide a basis for prevention and intervention strategies for VitD deficiency (VitDD) in Chinese children.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980024001320_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>From November 2018 to September 2019, a total of 2192 healthy children aged 2\u20136 years were enrolled. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography tandem MS.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980024001320_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Twelve jurisdictions in eight provinces and cities across northern and southern China were selected through stratified cluster sampling.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980024001320_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>2192 children aged 2\u20136 years were enrolled.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980024001320_as5\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>(1) A serum 25(OH)D concentration of 23\u00b787 (<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc> 8\u00b724) ng\/ml, a VitDS rate of 65\u00b72 %, an insufficiency rate of 29\u00b76 % and a deficiency rate of 5\u00b72 % were noted. (2) Age (OR = 2\u00b722, 95 % CI 1\u00b786, 2\u00b764) and spring (OR = 1\u00b735, 95 % CI 0\u00b791, 2\u00b701) are risk factors for VitDD and VitDI. The male (OR = 0\u00b768, 95 % CI 0\u00b752, 0\u00b790), the temperature (OR = 0\u00b789, 95 % CI 0\u00b786, 0\u00b793), summer (OR = 0\u00b725, 95 % CI 0\u00b709, 0\u00b768), autumn (OR = 0\u00b726, 95 % CI 0\u00b709, 0\u00b774) the intake of VitD supplements (OR = 0\u00b708, 95 % CI 0\u00b703, 0\u00b728), the intake frequency of dairy products (OR = 0\u00b786, 95 % CI 0\u00b778, 0\u00b796) and egg products (OR = 0\u00b783, 95 % CI 0\u00b774, 0\u00b793) are protective factors for VitDD and VitDI.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980024001320_as6\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>VitDD in children aged 2\u20136 years is still prevalent in China, but the influencing factors of VitD nutrition have changed. Latitude is not the main factor in the 25(OH)D concentrations of children aged 2\u20136 years; temperature, intake of eggs and dairy products and sampling season have more obvious impacts.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980024001320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T05:33:12Z","timestamp":1749015192000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Contemporary factors affecting serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in Chinese children aged 2\u20136 years"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongfang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1940-7076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980024001320_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071460"},{"key":"S1368980024001320_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-02435-9"},{"key":"S1368980024001320_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2013.213"},{"key":"S1368980024001320_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08557-0"},{"key":"S1368980024001320_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011030"},{"key":"S1368980024001320_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9080898"},{"key":"S1368980024001320_ref12","unstructured":"12. 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Yang, C , Mao, M , Ping, L et al. (2020) Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among 460 537 children in 825 hospitals from 18 provinces in mainland China. Medicine (Baltimore) 99, e22463.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000022463"},{"key":"S1368980024001320_ref10","first-page":"7","article-title":"Factors affecting vitamin D status in infants","volume":"6","author":"Fink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"S1368980024001320_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.694106"},{"key":"S1368980024001320_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1500285"},{"key":"S1368980024001320_ref20","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Control of Vitamin A Deficiency and Xerophthalmia. 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Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US)."}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980024001320","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T05:33:15Z","timestamp":1749015195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980024001320\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980024001320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980024001320","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e93"}}