{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T17:04:11Z","timestamp":1782234251166,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738540800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000102_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p><jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-6 and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-3 long-chain PUFA play opposing roles in inflammation, anxiety and nociception, all of which are closely associated with chronic pain. We hypothesised that diets high in <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-6 arachidonic acid (C20:4<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-6, AA) and low in combined <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-3 EPA (C20:5<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-3, EPA) and DHA (C22:6<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-3, DHA) would be associated with higher odds of painful temporomandibular disorder (TMD).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000102_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We analysed baseline data from the Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos (HCHS\/SOL). Two 24-h dietary recall surveys quantified intake of long-chain <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-6 and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-3 PUFA along with their precursors, linoleic acid (C18:2<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-6, LA) and alpha linolenic acid (C18:3<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-3, ALA), respectively. <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-3 PUFA supplementation was quantified. Interviewer-administered questions assessed TMD. Survey multiple logistic regression estimated covariate-adjusted OR and 95 % confidence limits (CL) for associations between PUFA and TMD.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000102_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>From 2008 to 2011, HCHS\/SOL recruited 16 415 adults of Hispanic\/Latino backgrounds (Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican, Mexican, Central\/South American), through field centres located in Miami, FL; San Diego CA; Chicago, IL; and the Bronx, NY.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000102_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>13 870 participants with non-missing data.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000102_as5\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>In analysis adjusted for covariates, each <jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc> increase in dietary intake of C20:4<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-6, AA was associated with 12 % higher odds of TMD (OR = 1\u00b712, CL: 1\u00b701, 1\u00b724). Although the dietary intake of combined long-chain C20:5<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-3, EPA and C22:6<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-3 DHA was not associated with TMD, each <jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc> increase in <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-3 dietary supplement was associated with lower odds of TMD.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000102_as6\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>A diet rich in C20:4<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-6, AA was associated with higher odds of painful TMD.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980025000102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,2]],"date-time":"2025-02-02T22:27:41Z","timestamp":1738535261000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long-chain PUFA and painful temporomandibular disorder in the Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2607-9514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne E.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianwen","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha L.","family":"Daviglus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Garcia-Bedoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary D.","family":"Slade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980025000102_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2022.102476"},{"key":"S1368980025000102_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802844-5.00003-8"},{"key":"S1368980025000102_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2017-000486"},{"key":"S1368980025000102_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.6.6.790"},{"key":"S1368980025000102_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2022.05.008"},{"key":"S1368980025000102_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.820777"},{"key":"S1368980025000102_ref50","unstructured":"50. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e41"}}