{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T11:30:42Z","timestamp":1774697442868,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":77,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000205_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>This study investigates and measures whether the association of childhood stunting with household socio-economic position (SEP) differs in Sri Lanka compared with other South Asian countries.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000205_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Secondary analysis of data of children from the latest available Demographic and Health Surveys data (survey years, 2016\u20132018). The exposures (SEP) were maternal education and wealth. The outcome was stunting. Binary logistic regression models incorporated SEP, country and SEP-by-country interaction terms.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000205_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>A nationally representative sample of children from Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000205_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Mothers\/caregivers of children under 36 months (133 491).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000205_as5\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The prevalence of stunting in Sri Lanka of 19 % was much lower than that observed for all the other low- to low\u2013middle income South Asian countries (37 % in Bangladesh, 36 % in India, 31 % in Nepal and 30 % in Pakistan). The association of SEP with odds of stunting was similar in Sri Lanka compared with other South Asian countries. The only exception was weaker associations of wealth with stunting in Sri Lanka compared with Bangladesh. For example, in Sri Lanka, the poorest group had 2\u00b775 (2\u00b706, 3\u00b767) times higher odds of stunting compared with the richest group, but in Bangladesh, this estimate was 4\u00b720 (3\u00b724, 5\u00b744); the difference between these two estimates being 0\u00b765 (0\u00b744, 0\u00b796) on the OR scale.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000205_as6\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The lower prevalence of stunting in Sri Lanka is unlikely to be due to less inequality. It is more likely that the lower prevalence of stunting in Sri Lanka is related to there being fewer mothers belonging to the lowest SEP groups.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980025000205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T03:08:31Z","timestamp":1742353711000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Stunting and inequality in Sri Lanka compared with other low- and middle-income South Asian countries"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7266-1543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damith","family":"Chandrasenage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Loughborough University"},{"name":"University of Kelaniya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0347-4354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loughborough University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0591-9724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula L.","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loughborough University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980025000205_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-0032-9_77"},{"key":"S1368980025000205_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4038\/cmj.v58i1.5357"},{"key":"S1368980025000205_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.044800"},{"key":"S1368980025000205_ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Early and long-term consequences of nutritional stunting: from childhood to adulthood","volume":"92","author":"Soliman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"S1368980025000205_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.06.017"},{"key":"S1368980025000205_ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Socioeconomic inequality in stunting among under-5 children in Ethiopia: a decomposition analysis","volume":"12","author":"Mohammed","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"S1368980025000205_ref26","unstructured":"26. 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Available at: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/342173 (accessed March 2023)."}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980025000205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T14:53:10Z","timestamp":1759848790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980025000205\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980025000205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980025000205","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e63"}}