{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T11:20:52Z","timestamp":1773919252128,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":99,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000345_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>To examine the extent and nature of food and non-alcoholic drink advertising displayed on public transport and infrastructure on school routes.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000345_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Audit of outdoor advertisements on government-controlled public transport and associated infrastructure (e.g. tram shelters, bus stops) on busy school routes in Victoria, Australia. Using a strict protocol, trained field workers collected data on the type and content of outdoor advertising during February 2023 (start of school year). Food\/drink advertising was classified (unhealthy or healthy) according to the Council of Australian Governments Health Council National interim guide to reduce children\u2019s exposure to unhealthy food and drink promotion (2018).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000345_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Government-controlled buses, trams and public transport infrastructure on routes from eleven of the busiest train stations in metropolitan Melbourne and regional Victoria, Australia to fifty public primary and secondary schools. Stations were chosen based on annual patronage, area-based socio-economic area (SEA) and regionality).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000345_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>156 out of 888 advertisements were for food and non-alcoholic drinks. Of these, almost six in ten (58 %) were deemed unhealthy irrespective of SEA or regionality. Marketing appeals most featured were taste (31 %), convenience (28 %) and emotion (9 %). A significantly higher proportion of unhealthy advertisements were displayed within 500 m of schools <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. outside this radius (91 % <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. 57 %, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b701).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000345_as5\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Given the detrimental impacts of exposure to unhealthy food\/drink advertising on children\u2019s diets, the pervasive, powerful presence of such advertising across government public transport assets, particularly around schools, contradicts public health recommendations to protect children from exposure to and influence by this harmful marketing and warrants government action.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980025000345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:26:12Z","timestamp":1744244772000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Food and drink advertising along school children\u2019s transport routes in Victoria, Australia and policy implications"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7840-4051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherly X","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Council Victoria"},{"name":"University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine"},{"name":"The University of Melbourne"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Hardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Council Victoria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Godwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Council Victoria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Jinnette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Council Victoria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Belinda","family":"Morley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Council Victoria"},{"name":"The University of Melbourne"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5365-9605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Council Victoria"},{"name":"The University of Melbourne"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Council Victoria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref14","unstructured":"14. Victorian Government (2023) Licensee obligations; available at https:\/\/www.vic.gov.au\/liquor-licensee-obligations (accessed April 2023)."},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hpja.886"},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hpja.532"},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17061\/phrp3012005"},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.1037"},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref10","unstructured":"10. Victoria State Government (2023) Patronage Department of Transport and Planning; available at https:\/\/dtp.vic.gov.au\/about\/data-and-research\/patronage (accessed April 2023)."},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2021-217032"},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref11","unstructured":"11. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2023) IRSD INTERACTIVE MAP 2033.0.55.001 - Census of Population and Housing: Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA); available at ~~~~https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/ausstats\/abs@.nsf\/Lookup\/by%20Subject\/2033.0.55.001~2016~Main%20Features~IRSD%20Interactive%20Map~15 (accessed April 2023)."},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4433-2"},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-020-00346-4"},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515000082"},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref27","volume-title":"Transport for London Advertising Report - 2018\/19 and 2019\/20","year":"2020"},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13386"},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref19","volume-title":"Food Marketing Exposure and Power and Their Associations with Food-Related Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviours: A Narrative Review","year":"2022"},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-057780"},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2008.00303.x"},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hpja.695"},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref22","unstructured":"22. European Food Information Council (EUFIC) (2006) The determinants of food choice; available at https:\/\/www.eufic.org\/en\/healthy-living\/article\/the-determinants-of-food-choice (accessed May 2023)."},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13784-8"},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13447"},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-018-9919-8"},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003915"},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref12","unstructured":"12. Department of Education (2022) All schools FTE Enrolments - Feb 2022. Victoria Dataset - Victorian Government Data Directory; available at https:\/\/discover.data.vic.gov.au\/dataset\/all-schools-fte-enrolments-feb-2022-victoria (accessed February 2023)."},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12257"},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref3","volume-title":"Policies to Protect Children from the Harmful Impact of Food Marketing: WHO Guideline","year":"2023"},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref13","volume-title":"INFORMAS Protocol: Promotion- Outdoor Advertising (School Zones)","year":"2017"},{"key":"S1368980025000345_ref15","unstructured":"15. Council of Australian Governments (COAG) Health Council Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care (2018) National interim guide to reduce children\u2019s exposure to unhealthy food and drink promotion; available at https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/resources\/publications\/national-interim-guide-to-reduce-childrens-exposure-to-unhealthy-food-and-drink-promotion-2018?language=en (accessed January 2023)."}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980025000345","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T15:51:23Z","timestamp":1759852283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980025000345\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980025000345"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980025000345","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e97"}}