{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T21:27:38Z","timestamp":1792704458208,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":92,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000400_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the perceptions, drivers and potential solutions to the consumption of unhealthy, ultra-processed foods (UPF) and foods high in fat, salt and sugar (HFSS) and their contribution to the double burden of malnutrition among adolescents living in urban slums, Kenya.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000400_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Qualitative participatory research, through Photovoice, group discussions and community dialogues. Inductive, thematic analysis was undertaken.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000400_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three major slums, Nairobi.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000400_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Adolescents 10\u201319 years (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      102: 51 boys, 51 girls) and adults (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      62).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000400_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UPF\/HFSS consumption emerged as a predominant theme on foods commonly consumed by adolescents, and the causes of undernutrition and overweight\/obesity. Adolescents described UPF\/HFSS as junk, oily, sugary or foods with chemicals and associated UPF\/HFSS consumption with undernutrition, obesity and non-communicable diseases. They perceived UPF\/HFSS as modern, urban, classy and appealing to young people and minimally processed foods as boring and primitive, for older people, and those in rural areas. Individual-level drivers of UPF\/HFSS consumption were organoleptic attributes (taste\/aroma), body size\/shape, illicit drug use, convenience and adolescents\u2019 autonomy. Social environment drivers were peer pressure and social status\/aspirations. Physical environment drivers were UPF\/HFSS availability and accessibility in the slums. Education on healthy eating and the adverse effects of consuming UPF\/HFSS, through existing structures (youth groups, school, community health strategy), was proposed as a potential solution to UPF\/HFSS consumption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025000400_as6\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UPF\/HFSS were perceived as associated with poor nutrition and health, yet were preferred over unprocessed\/minimally processed foods. Interventions to promote healthy diets beyond raising awareness are important, while addressing the underlying perceptions and drivers of UPF\/HFSS consumption at the individual level and in the social and physical food environments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980025000400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T01:46:58Z","timestamp":1743644818000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Drivers and solutions to unhealthy food consumption by adolescents in urban slums, Kenya: a qualitative participatory study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4289-4762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milkah N","family":"Wanjohi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Utrecht University"},{"name":"African Population and Health Research Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth Wambui","family":"Kimani-Murage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Population and Health Research Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6028-885X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Holdsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Montpellier"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0334-3714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Pradeilles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Montpellier"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calistus","family":"Wilunda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Population and Health Research Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gershim","family":"Asiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Population and Health Research Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Klipstein-Grobusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utrecht University"},{"name":"University of the Witwatersrand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980025000400_ref24","unstructured":"24. 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