{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T22:43:49Z","timestamp":1778539429675,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":238,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S136898002510092X_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>To examine the impacts of school-based CalFresh Healthy Living (CFHL-California\u2019s SNAP-Ed) interventions post-COVID-19-related school closures and whether student and school characteristics modified intervention impacts on student diet and physical activity (PA).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S136898002510092X_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Quasi-experimental, two-group, pre-post, self-report.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S136898002510092X_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>CFHL-eligible public schools (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>intervention<\/jats:sub> = 51; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>comparison<\/jats:sub> = 18).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S136898002510092X_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>4th\/5th grade students (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>intervention<\/jats:sub> = 2115; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>comparison<\/jats:sub> = 1102).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S136898002510092X_as5\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>CFHL interventions were associated with an increase in consumption frequency of fruit (0\u00b719 times\/d (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b7015)) and vegetables (0\u00b735 times\/d (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b7006)). Differences in baseline diet and PA behaviours were observed by student race and gender and by whether the proportion of free and reduced-price meal (FRPM)-eligible students was above the state average. Notably, students in schools with FRPM above the state average reported more frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (Mean (<jats:sc>se<\/jats:sc>): 3\u00b718 (0\u00b710) <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. 2\u00b758 (0\u00b711); <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b7001) and fewer days\/week with 60+ min of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) (Mean (<jats:sc>se<\/jats:sc>): 2\u00b78 (0\u00b710) <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. 3\u00b721 (0\u00b712); <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b7020) than those at schools with FRPM at\/below the state average. Student gender, school urbanicity and school FRPM modified the relationship between the interventions and certain dietary and\/or PA outcomes. Interventions were associated with greater increases in vegetable consumption in more urban schools (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> (95 % CI) = 0\u00b767 (0\u00b715, 1\u00b720)), and greater increases in fruit consumption (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> (95 % CI) = 0\u00b737 (0\u00b707, 0\u00b766)) and in MVPA in higher FRPM schools (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> (95 % CI) = 0\u00b786 (0\u00b733, 1\u00b739)).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S136898002510092X_as6\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Findings reaffirmed effectiveness of school-based CFHL interventions. We identified existing student and school-level disparities and then observed that interventions were associated with greater increases in MVPA in the highest FRPM schools. Findings can inform an equity-centred approach to delivery of school-based interventions that facilitate equal opportunity for all children to achieve lifelong health.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s136898002510092x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T04:01:12Z","timestamp":1756267272000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Student and school characteristics modify the impact of SNAP-Ed on student dietary and physical activity outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8040-247X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Linares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6087-1367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sridharshi C.","family":"Hewawitharana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaela","family":"Plank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn D.","family":"Rider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2745-1077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gail","family":"Woodward-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miranda Westfall","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S136898002510092X_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17176187"},{"key":"S136898002510092X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2007.07.004"},{"key":"S136898002510092X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2024.03.011"},{"key":"S136898002510092X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2020.101222"},{"key":"S136898002510092X_ref25","unstructured":"25. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that no alterations are made and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained prior to any commercial use and\/or adaptation of the article.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e143"}}