{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:30:35Z","timestamp":1785429035015,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":267,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n Although guidelines recommend targeted vitamin D testing for high-risk populations, testing has increased globally. Limited studies have examined real-world testing patterns and their relationship with deficiency outcomes. This study investigates trends, demographic determinants and deficiency outcomes associated with voluntary vitamin D testing among Taiwanese adults.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design:<\/jats:title>\n A retrospective cohort study analysing electronic medical records to assess vitamin D testing trends, demographic predictors of deficiency and status changes following consecutive tests within 2 years. Vitamin D status was classified based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels as deficient (< 20 ng\/ml), insufficient (20\u201329\u00b79 ng\/ml) or sufficient (\u2265 30 ng\/ml).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting:<\/jats:title>\n A tertiary medical centre in Taiwan.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants:<\/jats:title>\n Between 2013 and 2022, 13 381 outpatients underwent voluntary vitamin D testing. After excluding those aged < 18 years, with advanced renal disease, osteomalacia, rickets or hyperparathyroidism, 8383 were included in the final analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Testing increased sharply after 2019. Although women underwent twice as many tests, men had a higher deficiency prevalence (56\u00b794 %\n v<\/jats:italic>\n . 53\u00b701 %). Adults aged 18\u201334 years had the highest prevalence (67\u00b781 %). Obstetrics and Gynecology specialists ordered the most tests, particularly for female infertility, with 65\u00b773 % of patients deficient. Among those with repeat tests, deficiency prevalence decreased from 59.32 % to 43\u00b725 %.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The increase in voluntary vitamin D testing with demographic disparities highlights the importance of understanding testing behaviours and public health implications. Improved vitamin D status at follow-up suggests potential benefits in identifying high-risk individuals and emphasises the need for further research to evaluate outcomes and guide prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980025101183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T08:54:38Z","timestamp":1758790478000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Voluntary vitamin D testing: a decade-long study of utilisation patterns and impact on deficiency outcomes in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Hsiao-Yun","family":"Yeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ymy8z76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00se2k293","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei-Lin","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jei-Wen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00se2k293","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"},{"name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang-Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00se2k293","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"},{"name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zih-Kai","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai-Ru","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taipei University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping-Hsing","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jui-To","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00se2k293","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ymy8z76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4124-1949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ymy8z76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00se2k293","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ymy8z76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital Yuli Branch"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980025101183","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T07:24:23Z","timestamp":1760685863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980025101183\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980025101183"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980025101183","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e171"}}