{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:19:28Z","timestamp":1785403168067,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025101626_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study assessed iron-rich food consumption and its associated factors among children aged 6\u201323 months in South and Southeast Asia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025101626_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study from the Standard Demographic and Health Survey (2015\u20132022).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025101626_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>South and Southeast Asian countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025101626_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data collected from 95 515 children aged 6\u201323 months, including information from their parents or caregivers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025101626_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall proportion of children, aged 6\u201323 months, consuming iron-rich foods in the region was 29\u00b787 % (95 % CI: 29\u00b758, 30\u00b716). Higher odds of iron-rich food consumption were observed among children aged 12\u201323 months (adjusted OR (AOR) = 3\u00b759; 95 % CI: 3\u00b745, 3\u00b776), had history of exclusive breast-feeding (AOR = 1\u00b717; 95 % CI: 1\u00b712, 1\u00b723), born to teenage motherhood (AOR = 1\u00b709; 95 % CI: 1\u00b702, 1\u00b717), born in health institution (AOR = 1\u00b710; 95 % CI: 1\u00b702, 1\u00b719) and had pregnant mother at the time of the survey (AOR = 1\u00b760; 95 % CI: 1\u00b750, 1\u00b772). Children of birth order 2\u20134 (AOR = 1\u00b726; 95 % CI: 1\u00b720, 1\u00b732) and 5+ (AOR = 1\u00b729; 95 % CI: 1\u00b718, 1\u00b743), from female-headed households (AOR = 1\u00b706; 95 % CI: 1\u00b701, 1\u00b712) and those with household mass media exposure (AOR = 1\u00b727; 95 % CI: 1\u00b719, 1\u00b736) also had significantly higher odds of iron-rich food consumption. Additionally, higher odds ratio (OR) (AOR &gt; 1) of iron-rich food consumption were observed in Cambodia, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Myanmar, Maldives, Philippines, Pakistan and Timor-Leste.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980025101626_as6\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Across countries, only about 30 % of children consumed iron-rich foods, with significant variation. Targeted public health efforts are essential to address maternal, child and household factors that influence intake.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980025101626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T10:47:08Z","timestamp":1766746028000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Iron-rich foods consumption and its associated factors among children aged 6\u201323 months in South and Southeast Asia: a multilevel analysis of demographic and health surveys"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1970-5102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melaku Tadege","family":"Engidaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02sc3r913","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Griffith University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02bzfxf13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Debre Tabor University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasenjit","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02sc3r913","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Griffith University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02sc3r913","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Griffith University"},{"name":"China Medical University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6094-4885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qonita","family":"Rachmah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02sc3r913","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Griffith University"},{"name":"Universitas Airlangga"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faruk","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02sc3r913","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Griffith University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980025101626_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:94:1:1"},{"key":"S1368980025101626_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000481447"},{"key":"S1368980025101626_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-78167-y"},{"key":"S1368980025101626_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34257\/GJMRLVOL23IS1PG15"},{"key":"S1368980025101626_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16737-x"},{"key":"S1368980025101626_ref28","volume-title":"Iron Deficiency Anaemia in the Females and Children of the Northern Areas of Pakistan","author":"Ijlal","year":"2005"},{"key":"S1368980025101626_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/eamj.v86i2.46936"},{"key":"S1368980025101626_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0305046"},{"key":"S1368980025101626_ref1","unstructured":"1. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e20"}}