{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:09:55Z","timestamp":1785431395651,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":42,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980026102018_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We applied an innovative agent-based modelling approach to investigate how and to what extent spillover effects occur beyond dietary interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980026102018_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed an agent-based model in NetLogo to simulate the dietary practices of the Dutch adult population during lunch and dinner, representing participants in the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980026102018_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The model assessed spillover effects beyond a hypothetical workplace canteen intervention targeting increased plant-based protein consumption during lunch. Direct effects were defined as the percentage of non-vegetarian employees consuming a vegetarian lunch. Spillover effects were indicated by the percentage of plant-based protein consumed at dinner, influenced by dietary identity, habituation, social networks and eating location. Scenarios with varying direct effect sizes were simulated to compare plant-based protein consumption at dinner.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980026102018_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Simulations demonstrated a positive spillover effect at the population level, with plant-based protein consumption at dinner increasing over 3 years compared with baseline (no intervention). At direct intervention effect sizes up to 0\u00b75, there was a linear increase in plant-based protein consumption at dinner (from 23\u00b70 % (95 % CI 22\u00b79, 23\u00b72) at baseline to 32\u00b73 % (95 % CI 31\u00b78, 32\u00b78)). Spillover effects plateaued beyond an effect size of 0\u00b75, with no significant further increases observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S1368980026102018_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our application of agent-based modelling revealed that positive spillover effects of dietary interventions from the workplace to home can be achieved. Despite challenges, agent-based modelling might complement other approaches for studying spillover effects and supporting dietary behaviour change towards more sustainable diets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980026102018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T10:28:55Z","timestamp":1770892135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring spillover effects beyond workplace dietary interventions using agent-based modelling"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8059-6446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinjie","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qw24q55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Wageningen University & Research"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cesdt21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marga","family":"Ock\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cesdt21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment"},{"name":"Wageningen University & Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emely","family":"de Vet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qw24q55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Wageningen University & Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980026102018_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su14137935"},{"key":"S1368980026102018_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.780614"},{"key":"S1368980026102018_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jeab.875"},{"key":"S1368980026102018_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2020.104730"},{"key":"S1368980026102018_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2020.103963"},{"key":"S1368980026102018_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcr.2022.100498"},{"key":"S1368980026102018_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040825"},{"key":"S1368980026102018_ref6","first-page":"15","article-title":"Spillover effects of sustainable consumption: combining identity process theory and theories of practice","volume":"15","author":"Frezza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainability: Sci Pract Policy"},{"key":"S1368980026102018_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2018.08.022"},{"key":"S1368980026102018_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-021-01239-z"},{"key":"S1368980026102018_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2012.07.002"},{"key":"S1368980026102018_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.03.042"},{"key":"S1368980026102018_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1907207116"},{"key":"S1368980026102018_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy260"},{"key":"S1368980026102018_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2021.105739"},{"key":"S1368980026102018_ref48","unstructured":"48. van der Put, A (2023) Healthy at Work \u2013 The Role of the Work Environment in Worksite Health Promotion. 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